1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15  A) Pulse Height Spectroscopy  Identify the equipment such as detector, electronics modules and NIM.

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15  A) Pulse Height Spectroscopy  Identify the equipment such as detector, electronics modules and NIM bin.  Note down detector type, size, operating voltage and its polarity.  Read the manuals of NIM modules particularly input requirements and output specifications and its principle of operations.  Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Figure.  Apply high voltage to the preamplifier.  Connect the amplifier out put to an oscilloscope.  Ensure that the detector power supply has the same polarity as the detector voltage polarity, otherwise change the polarity on the power supply.  Switch on the detector power supply and apply the detector voltage.  Watch amplifier signal on the oscilloscope. You may not see the signal on the oscilloscope.  Now place a gamma ray source near the detector. Observe the amplifier unipolar or bipolar pulse, as selected by you, on the oscilloscope.

16 A) Optimization of the Shaping Time of the Pulses:  Connect the output of the amplifier to input of the linear gate stretcher(LG)  Select normal mode of the LG and connect to the input of the MCA.  Acquire the pulse height spectrum of the detector pulse height in MCA.  Calculate the FWHM and peak centroid of gamma ray peak in the spectrum  Calculate percentage energy resolution of the detector by dividing FWHM by peak centroid and multiplying it with 100.  Record the shaping time and corresponding % energy resolution of the detector.  Then change the shaping time and record the % resolution for three or four more readings.  Then plot energy resolution as a function of shaping time in an excel sheet.  From the graph determine the optimum shaping time of the amplifier.

17 Integral Spectrum Measurement :  Connect the output of the amplifier to input of the SCA.  Select Normal mode of the SCA and connect its output to a counter.  Adjust the counter period as 2-3 seconds depending upon the count rate of your detector.  Raise the SCA lower level (LL) and upper level (UL) to the maximum.  Note down the LL of the SCA and counter average reading( out of five readings).  Record LL of SCA and corresponding counter average reading in a table.  Lower LL of the SCA in steps of 0.2 and corresponding average counts up till a value of 0.1 for LL of SCA. Record all these values in an excel sheet to plot a graph of counter readings vs LL of SCA.  Plot LL of SCA vs counter reading.  For gamma ray source with single peak, the spectrum shows only one step distribution.  Repeat the above mentioned procedure with a source with two well resolved gamma source such as Bi209.  Plot LL of SCA vs counter reading  Then plot energy resolution as a function of shaping time in an excel sheet.  For gamma ray source with two peak, the spectrum shows two step distribution.