A National Economy in the Age of Nationalism To what extent was the American economy going through a dynamic change during the first half of the 19 th century? Do Now: Discussion- Two AP Themes – Economic Transformation and Demographic Change How did both begin to happen in the early 19 th Century?

a)Explain one continuity amongst the maps. b)Explain one change amongst the maps. c)Discuss the impact that change and or continuity has brought to the country.

An Economic Transformation The ideas of a Household economy The Market Revolution led to the end of self-sufficient households and the end of the growing interdependence among the people –the farmers to the workers and the workers to the farmers

Land, Money and Materials Samuel Slater, the father of the American Factory system; the Cotton Spinning Machine New England would emerge as the country’s leading manufacturing center Because of its abundance of water power, the lack of good farmland, the abundance of sea ports, etc… Growth of the Rural Manufacturing: watered power mills increasing output, focus becoming national; substance farming being replaced; wage labor becoming more important

How did the Market Revolution influence the Farmers in the west? inventions that boomed agriculture and increased production –John Deere –the steel plow –Cyrus McCormick – invented the mechanical mower-reaper The North produced more food than the South

New Transportation system: (states) roads, turnpikes, and canals; The Rise of “Eminent Domain” Transportation: PA’s Lancaster Turnpike; National road (Maryland to Illinois) Canals: “The big Ditch” the Erie canal was finished in 1825 Governor DeWitt Clinton, 1807 steam-powered travel began, developed by Robert Fulton Railroads: railroad lines began to rise up in the 1820s

How did Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin Change America? THE RISE OF KING COTTON cotton economics were now profitable South flourished and expanded SLAVES

Other Inventions inter-changeable parts (on muskets) Elias Howe & Issac Singer (1846) made the sewing machine limited liability in a corporation free incorporation Samuel Morse’s telegraph

How did the growth of king cotton affect the power structure in the country? How did the dominant classes in the north & west compare to the dominant class in the south? How is the interdependent relationship between the north and west going to affect the south and slaver?

How did Westward expansion cause problems for the county? By 1819, 9 states were added; as a result of this expansion: -Cumberland Rd running from Maryland to Illinois - First Steamboat Land Act of 1820; no land on credit 11 v. 11 Slave vs. non-slave

How did the economic transformation of the early 1800s cause changes in demographics ?

The American System? Henry Clay’s American System created a comprehensive method for advancing the nation’s economy: –Strong banking system; –Protective tariff; –Network of roads and canals; Monroe vetoed the bill calling it unconstitutional

How did the market Revolution influence workers in the country? Factory Life: the division of labor –impersonal –Hours were long –Wages low –Conditions unsafe –Child labor 1834 – national trade union - Commonwealth v. Hunt in Massachusetts Supreme Court (1842) legalized unions Factory workers were scarce –Textile Mills in Lowell MA., –The role of women changed slowly; Social mobility

Why were people moving west? Life on the FrontierLife on the Frontier “Killer” Tobacco“Killer” Tobacco Fur tradeFur trade The appreciation of the American wilderness; NationalismThe appreciation of the American wilderness; Nationalism

How did Immigration contribute to the growth of America? Push and Pull Factors of Immigration The Irish; 1840s mainly came into the big cities, Boston and NYC The Germans, mainly coming into the country between the , settling all over the east cost; eventually moving west

How did America respond to the increase in Immigration? Immigrants were illiterate, and willing to work for very little and do difficult jobs. They were Catholic Why were immigrants hated? They were poor and often kept to themselves The Biggest response to immigration came from Nativists who formed different organization The Know-nothings: “I Know nothing”; they fought for restrictions on Immigration, naturalization, etc… The Know-nothings: “I Know nothing”; they fought for restrictions on Immigration, naturalization, etc…

The Middle Class  Farmers, mechanics, manufacturers, traders, contractors, Lawyers, etc… made up the middle class  Mostly in northeast, with some in the south  Wealth was increasing with the decline in the price of goods due to industrialization  The role of man vs. women The Self-made man: “ones work ethic could lead to success and wealth”. Being industrious, was the central theme of pop culture

Summary:  What role did the Irish and German Immigrants play in the nation's municipal, state and federal elections? How did Nativistis in the country view this infiltration?  Why did the Southern economy during this time remain stagnant and lack diversity? How did this specifically contribute to the rise of an intense sectional conflict?  How did the economic interdependence between the Northeast and the West play a role in the debate over the expansion of slavery?