Presentation to CPT Engineering Committee - March 10th, 2015 GreenUrban’s retrofit SCRT Systems for compliance with London’s proposed Ultra Low Emission Zone (Euro VI/6) requirements being introduced in 2020

The most recent proposal in London is the introduction of an “Ultra Low Emission Zone” ULEZ due to come into effect by 2020

London ULEZ focus Central London (existing congestion zone) Take effect from 7 September 2020, and apply 24 hours a day, 7 days a week ULEZ charge for non-compliant Trucks/Buses/Coaches (older 6 yrs in 2020) will be £100 a day in addition to existing Congestion Charge

What is proposed for the London “Ultra Low Emission Zone” ULEZ

What is considered “Ultra Low” for conventional diesel engine

Cost of upgrading compared to purchase of new Euro 6 coach 1 X New Euro 6 Coach approx £250K For £250K can retrofit buses/coaches with ecoNOxt SCRT “E6 Equivalent” Technology GreenUrban able to upgrade Euro 3,4 or 5 to Euro 6 equivalent GreenUrban proposes to retrofit ecoNOxt “SCR” Technology to meet Euro 6 “equivalent” emissions levels In discussions with TfL regarding compliance testing – we believe it will be based on Millbrook MLTB Testing where NOx levels will need to be reduced by minimum -90% over baseline emissions test of original vehicle

Examples of some of the vehicles already fitted with GreenUrban ecoNOxt SCR System ecoNOxt for Dennis Dart ecoNOxt for Dennis Trident ecoNOxt for Scania N113 ecoNOxt for Optare Solo

GreenUrban “EcoNOxt “ SCRT Technology for reduction of CO/HC/PM/NOx Retrofitted older Euro 3 vehicles to upgrade to Euro 6 equivalent emissions Stage 1: Oxygen addition Reduction CO/HC/PM Metallic DOC Coated Pt CO to CO2 HC to H2O NO to NO2 Temp 180C+ >95% CO/HC Silicon Carbide Catalysed DPF Coated Pt Withstand 1200C NO2> Combusts Particulate Trapped in Filter Temp 180C+ >95% PM10/PM2.5 Adblue Tank Adblue Injected Adblue converted to Ammonia NH3 within exhaust Stage 2: Oxygen Reduction Reduction NOx (NO/NO2) SCR 1 Vanadia Coated SCR 2 Zeolite Coated NOx (NO/NO2) to N2 Temp 200C+ >85-95% NOx ASC Prevents NH3 passing from Tailpipe Adblue not injected <200C to prevent crystallisation

If temperature is an issue GreenUrban offers “ecoNOxt – Ultra” System which includes “Ammonia Generator” allowing Adblue to be injected <200C Adblue converted to Ammonia NH3 within the Ammonia Generator “Outside of the exhaust stream”

Schematic of ecoNOxt-Ultra System Adblue is injected into the Ammonia (NH3) Generator The water content of the Adblue is evaporated in the first part of the ammonia generator using heat from a pre-turbo partial flow pipe Urea which remains gets converted to ammonia gas when passed across a hydrolysis catalyst in the second part of the generator The ammonia gas is then injected into the exhaust where a venturi mixer is used to mix the ammonia with the exhaust gas A small heater is used periodically to maintain the temperature within the ammonia generator

Venturi mixer SCR NH 3 Inlet DOC/DPF uniformity index: 0.94 uniformity index: 0.98 Pressure drop Δ p < 10 mbar! Measurement CFD-calculation Development of a mixer based on venturi-principle (CFD-calculations) Efficiency of the Venturi Mixer – Allows NH3 to be injected almost directly in front of SCR

Control System for the ecoNOxt & ecoNOxt-Ultra NOx1NOx2 To control adblue dosing and provide real-time system monitoring/reporting GreenUrban uses the Diesel Emission Controls (DEC) control system The ECU continually checks the presence and performance of all sensors and components and will store the operational data and any error codes. Computer friendly software allows data to be downloaded to produce graphs/histograms of the exhaust temperatures, back pressures, urea usage and NOx reduction performance sampled in real time. The system uses 2 x NOx sensors (Engine out and Tailpipe) to measure NOx and automatically adjust the adblue dosing for optimum NOx reductions Load RPM T1 T2 T3 T4 The system uses Load/Speed signals to calculate flow-rate, Temperature Sensors either side of SCR to validate when to dose and backpressure plus temperature sensor to confirm DPF has regenerated passively. An additional Temperature Sensor is required if the Ammonia Generator. Is being used

Millbrook Test results with Ammonia Generator System

High Nox Reductions even with Cold Start Conditions (Tested in-field) Average -92% NOx reductions (in-field) have been seen on routes with temperatures >200C with std ecoNOxt System Reductions of -80% have been witnessed in –field even on bus routes with very low “Cold-Start” Temperatures (average 150C)

Conclusions Irrespective of whether the “ecoNOxt” or “ecoNOxt-Ultra” is used on a Euro 3 vehicle, emissions can be upgraded to meet the Euro 6 requirements of the London “Ultra Low Emission Zone “planned for 2020 Ammonia Generator is only used to prevent crystallisation at lower temperatures Systems have been tested at Millbrook on MLTB Test Cycle and have been operational in-field for approximately 2 years Systems can be retrofitted to Buses, Coaches, Trucks and even MiniBus Taxis Retrofitting is a much cheaper option than renewing your vehicle for compliance GreenUrban offers a 3 year standard warranty plus additional 2 year extended warranty if required GreenUrban can also provide on-going maintenance/service contracts to keep the system in optimum condition For more information please contact: Alan Barnard GreenUrban Technologies Ltd Tel Euro 4 & 5 vehicles which already have SCR Technology fitted can be upgraded to meet Euro 6 by just applying the additional NOx sensor, DEC control system and ammonia generator if required