Warm Up: Wednesday 10/7 Define Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. How does Darwin’s Theory of Evolution relate to business and the Titans of Industry?

John D. Rockefeller What was the name of his trust company? Standard Oil How did he make huge profits? Paid employees extremely low wages and driving his competitors out of business Why do you think monopolies may be illegal? Monopolies can manipulate the market with predatory pricing What did the Sherman Antitrust Act do? Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries Would you consider him more of a philanthropist or a robber baron? Why? Philanthropist – gave away lots of his money ; Robber baron – manipulated the market

Henry Ford In which industry did he make a name for himself? The automobile industry What was the name of his company? His first model? Ford Motor Company – Model T What were some of his revolutionary new mass-production methods? Use of large production plants, standardized interchangeable parts, and the moving assembly line What mass-production technique is he most famous for innovating? The assembly line What was the significance of mass production? Cut down on the time required to produce, which allowed costs to stay low What did he do for his workers in setting a new standard for the industry? Increased the daily wage more than twice as much

WHO ARE RECENT TITAN’S OF BUSINESS?

POLITICAL CARTOON #1

SOCIAL DARWINISM – PAIR SHARE Would you agree or disagree that “poverty is a sign of laziness and inferiority?” What kinds of people would support this idea? Does everybody have the same starting line? Is everyone dealt the same hand of cards?

HARD WORK, SHREWD INVESTMENTS, AND INNOVATIVE BUSINESS PRACTICES MAKE MEN RICH Herbert Spencer- justify laissez faire. Marketplace should not be regulated. Individuals were rich because of work ethic. Riches were a sign of God’s favor. Poor deserve their lot in life.

WARM-UP FOR FRIDAY Compare the difference between a Robber Baron and a Titan of industry/philanthropist.

QUIZ TODAY!! You may use your notes You may not use other people’s notes All classwork will be turned in at the end of the period…… 1) The Titan of Industry you feel made the biggest impact write up 2) 4 Square worksheet

THE GOSPEL OF WEALTH IS AN ARTICLE WRITTEN BY ANDREW CARNEGIE IN 1889 THAT DESCRIBES THE RESPONSIBILITY OF PHILANTHROPY BY THE NEW UPPER CLASS OF SELF-MADE RICH. CARNEGIE PROPOSED THAT THE BEST WAY OF DEALING WITH THE NEW PHENOMENON OF WEALTH INEQUALITY WAS FOR THE WEALTHY TO REDISTRIBUTE THEIR SURPLUS MEANS IN A RESPONSIBLE AND THOUGHTFUL MANNER. CARNEGIE ARGUED THAT SURPLUS WEALTH IS PUT TO BEST USE (I.E. PRODUCES THE GREATEST NET BENEFIT TO SOCIETY) WHEN IT IS ADMINISTERED CAREFULLY BY THE WEALTHY.

THE GOSPEL OF CARNEGIE POLITICAL CARTOON #2

WARM-UP Carnegie wealthy should redistribute their wealth in a responsible way to the poor. Why do you think the richest man in America is demanding “Down with the Rich?”

TRUSTS Joined competing companies in trust agreements. Participators in trusts turned their stocks over to a group of trustees. Trustees ran the separate companies as one large corporation in return for profits. Rockefeller used a trust to gain control of the oil industry in America. Rockefeller

POLITICAL CARTOON #2

IMMIGRANTS Sought to escape difficult conditions such as famine, land shortages, or religious persecution. 20 million Europeans escaping religious persecution come to live on the East Coast 300,000 Chinese and Japanese on the west coast for the gold rush. Mexicans immigrated to the U.S. to look for work and escape political problems.

WHY DO YOU THINK IMMIGRANTS OF THE SAME CULTURE STAYED TOGETHER? Many immigrants sought out people who shared their cultural values, practiced their religion and spoke their native language People can pool their money Start social clubs Maintain their identity while trying to be “Americanized”

PROBLEMS FOR IMMIGRANTS SETTLING IN THE CITIES Nativism-favoritism over native-born Americans Anti-Immigration groups such as ones discriminating against Catholics and Jews. Literacy tests Limit numbers of immigrants coming to America such as The Chinese Exclusion Act

AFRICAN AMERICANS Moved North and West, South still economically hurting from the Civil War. Escape racial violence, economic hardships, and political oppression Still found segregation and discrimination Job competition caused racial tensions

WORKING CONDITIONS FOR CHILDREN

POLITICAL CARTOON #4

CONDITIONS FOR CHILD WORKERS Children as young as six years old during the industrial revolution worked hard hours for little or no pay. Large, heavy, and dangerous equipment was very common for children to be using or working near. Many accidents occurred injuring or killing children on the job. The people who the children served would beat them, verbally abuse them, and take no consideration for their safety. Paid the lowest -27 cents a day for 14 hour day.

THINK/PAIR/SHARE What type of conditions do you see the children working under? Are they happy? Sad? How do they look? Partner A will give Partner B ideas and then Partner B will run ideas to Partner A. Each group will get two minutes to discuss.

THE TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FACTORY FIRE The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in Manhattan, New York City on March 25, 1911 was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history. The fire caused the deaths of 146 garment workers – 123 women and 23 men – who died from the fire, smoke inhalation, or falling or jumping to their deaths The owners had locked the doors to the stairwells and exits, a common practice used to prevent workers from taking unauthorized breaks and pilferage, keep unions out. Many of the workers who could not escape the burning building jumped from the eighth, ninth, and tenth floors to the streets below

THINK/PAIR/SHARE Why do you think this event had made such an impact of the average American? Do you think these women acted as martyrs or symbols of reform for work related injuries and deaths? Partner A will give Partner B ideas and then Partner B will run ideas to Partner A. Each group will get two minutes to discuss.

POLITICAL CARTOON #3

LABOR UNIONS EMERGE Fueled by exploitation of the workers, improve unsafe working conditions, long working hours, no vacations, sick leave, unemployment benefits, or compensation for injuries from working on the job. Arbitrate/collective bargaining (negotiations between representatives of labor or management, to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions) Strikes, or refusal to work Many turned violent

EXIT QUESTION/REFLECTION What is the American Dream? How does one obtain it? Why do people come to America in the first place?

CREATE YOUR OWN DIARY ENTRY After reading the diary entries of the two child laborers, you will now place yourself in the shoes of a child working in a factory. You will describe your made up experience. Describe the conditions in which you work How do you feel physically? Emotionally? How are you treated by fellow employees? Adults? Your boss? Describe what you make and what your job is at the factory.