Introduction to Therapy

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Therapy History of treatment Philippe Pinel Dorothea Dix Psychotherapy Biomedical therapy Eclectic approach

Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapy Goals of therapy Insight

Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapy Techniques Free association Resistance Interpretation Dream analysis Transference

Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapy Psychodynamic Therapy Aims of psychodynamic therapy Similarities with psychoanalysis Differences with psychoanalysis

Humanistic Therapies Insight therapies Humanistic therapies promote: Boost people’s self-fulfillment Promoting growth instead of curing Taking immediate responsibility Conscious rather than the unconscious thoughts the present and future rather than the past

Humanistic Therapies Client-centered therapy Nondirective therapy Genuineness, acceptance, and empathy Active listening Paraphrase Invite clarification Reflect feelings Unconditional positive regard

Behavior Therapies Behavior Therapy Classical conditioning techniques Operant conditioning techniques

Behavior Therapies Classical Conditioning Techniques Counterconditioning Exposure therapies Systematic desensitization Virtual reality exposure therapy Aversive conditioning

Behavior Therapies Operant Conditioning Behavior modification Token economy Criticisms How durable are the behaviors? Is it right for one human to control another’s behavior?

Cognitive Therapies Cognitive therapy Rational-emotive therapy Aaron Beck’s therapy for depression Cognitive- behavioral therapy

Cognitive Therapies Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Albert Ellis Irrational thinking Challenge people’s way of thinking

Cognitive Therapies Aaron Beck’s Therapy for Depression Catastrophizing beliefs Reveals irrational thinking Gentler than rational-emotive therapy

Cognitive Therapies Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Combines cognitive and behavioral therapies Aims to change the person’s thinking and behavior

Group and Family Therapies Group therapy Family therapy Self-help groups

Evaluating Psychotherapies Is Psychotherapy Effective? Client’s perceptions Clinician’s perceptions Outcome research Meta-analysis

Evidence-based practice Evaluating Psychotherapies The Relative Effectiveness of Different Psychotherapies Evidence-based practice

Evaluating Psychotherapies Evaluating Alternative Therapies Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Light exposure therapy Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Evaluating Psychotherapies Commonalities Among Psychotherapies Hope for demoralized people A new perspective An empathic, trusting, caring relationship Therapeutic alliance

Similarities between cultures Differences between cultures Evaluating Psychotherapies Culture, Gender, and Values in Psychotherapy Similarities between cultures Differences between cultures

Preventing Psychological Disorders Resilience Preventing psychological disorders

Drug Therapies Psychopharmacology Factors to consider with drug therapy Normal recovery rate of untreated patients Placebo effect Double blind procedure

Drug Therapies Antipsychotic Drugs Psychoses Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Dopamine Tardive dyskinesia Risperidone and olanzapine

Drug Therapies Antianxiety Drugs Xanax, Ativan, D-cycloserine Physiological dependence

Drug Therapies Antidepressant Drugs Use with mood and anxiety disorders Fluoxetine (Prozac), Paxil Selective-serotonin-reuptake inhibitors Neurogenesis Side effects of antidepressants

Drug Therapies Mood Stabilizing Medications Lithium Depakote

Brain Stimulation Electroconvulsive Therapy Procedure Severe depression Problems/side effects

Brain Stimulation Alternative Neurostimulation Therapies Magnetic Stimulation Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations (rTMS) Deep-Brain Stimulation

Psychosurgery Psychosurgery Lobotomy History Procedure Side effects Use today

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change Integrated biopsychosocial system Therapeutic life-style change Aerobic exercise Adequate sleep Light exposure Social connection Anti-rumination Nutritional supplements

The End