CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Questions? What are the structures that make up the cardiovascular system? What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Unit Objectives Students will know the anatomy of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Students will know the physiology of the above structures. Students will know how to trace blood through the chambers of the heart as well as the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Students will know the electrical current flow through the heart

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System The structures of the circulatory system are: Heart Blood vessels Blood

There are 3 Circulatory Systems pulmonary circulation right side of heart systemic circulation left side of heart Coronary circulation: feeds the heart tissue

Transport System Blood transports to the tissues of the body oxygen nutrients/hormones Transports wastes out of the body toxins (urea) (FROM METABOLISM) carbon dioxide.

Anatomy of the Heart Hollow Cone shaped About 1 lb Thorax region Medial to the lungs Superior to the diaphragm Enclosed by a double sac of serious membrane Pericardium: slippery, contains fluid (frictionless environment = allows heart to beat easily Pericarditis: decrease in fluid = layers bind together

The interior heart contains 3 layers Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium

The heart pumps blood throughout the body. The heart has four chambers: Left atrium Left ventricle Right atrium Right ventricle

The Chambers The atria The ventricles receive blood not involved in pumping blood The ventricles Thick walled Involved in pumping blood

Septums Tissue between the chambers The interatrial septum is between the atria’s The interventricular septum is between the ventricles

1. Atrioventricular valves There are 4 valves in the heart. Keeps the blood pumping in one direction. 1. Atrioventricular valves located between atria & ventricular chambers. Prevents the blood from flowing back into the atria when the ventricles are contracting. Left side – bicuspid or mitral valve Right side – tricuspid valve

As the valves open and close they force blood to continually move. 2. Semilunar valves guard the bases of the 2 large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers. Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve The semilunar valves are closed during relaxation and open during contraction of the ventricles. As the valves open and close they force blood to continually move.

Anchors chordae tendineae are cords that anchor the flaps of the valves to the walls of the endocardium.

Blood Vessels The heart pumps blood through pathways called vessels. The three major vessel types are Arteries veins capillaries

All Arteries flow Away from the Heart. Arteries-transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body tissue. Thicker than veins Contains elastic fibers for elasticity Must be able to expand to accept the blood forced into them from the heart. Branch into the arterioles. Because of their elasticity and thickness, blood pressure in the body is maintained. The largest artery in the body is the aorta. All Arteries flow Away from the Heart.

Veins help blood revisit the heart for re-oxygenation. Veins- transport deoxygenated blood from the body tissues back to the heart. Inelastic Have valves Branch into the venules Because of their valves, veins keep the blood from pooling and flowing back to the legs due to gravity. (Varicose veins). The largest vein in the body is the vena cava. Veins help blood revisit the heart for re-oxygenation.

Varicose Veins

Capillaries- Are 1 cell layer thick, and cells have to go through single file because of the diameter of the pathway. Are the pathways where blood and cells exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide. Are the places where white blood cells can leave the circulatory system to help fight infection.

HOW BLOOD FLOW IS ORGANIZED THROUGH THE BODY

HOW BLOOD FLOW IS ORGANIZED THROUGH THE BODY Using your colored pencils fill in the above diagram using your red pencil to color in your RBC, and the oxygenated blood pathway; then using your blue pencil, color in the deoxygenated pathway and shade in your RBC lightly to show that they are carrying CO2.

The cardiac cycle is the electrical process of the heart that allows blood to be pumped throughout the body.

10. Hematology is the study of blood 10. Hematology is the study of blood. Blood is technically a connective tissue because it “connects” to all parts of the body as part of its function.

4 Major Blood Components Erythrocytes- Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin- red pigmented protein that loosely binds to Oxygen atoms and Carbon Dioxide molecules. CO poisoning….irreversible =death Leukocytes- White Blood Cells 5 kinds that fight against different infections and other immune responses Thrombocytes- Platelets Important for clotting Plasma- liquid portion of blood (straw colored) Composed primarily of water12.

Blood Components

Blood Types There are 4 Human Blood Types: Blood type A Blood type B Blood type O

Blood Types