Cardio health concerns
Angina pectoris = mild to severe chest pain caused by ischemia of myocardium Eti: atherosclerosis S/S: “crushing” chest pain, pain in left arm/neck Tx: nitroglycerin drugs, o2 therapy
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) = inability of heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood Eti: coronary artery disease or hypertension S/S: edema (feet, legs, ankles), jugular distension, hepatomegaly TX: open heart surgery, heart transplant Congest/o- = accumulation of fluid -ive = P.T.
Endocarditis = inflammation of the endocardium Eti: bacterial infection S/S: high fever, shock, fatigue, aching muscles TX: antibiotic End/o- = innermost; within Card/i- = heart -itis = inflammation of
Murmur = abnormal heart sound Eti: caused by turbulence as blood leaks through defective heart valve TX: surgery to correct the defective heart valve
Arrhythmia a- = without rrhythm/o- = rhythm -ia = condition = Any type of irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart Tx: antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversion, or pacemaker
Aneurysm = area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery Eti= can be congenital or caused by damage from arteriosclerosis Can rupture without warning S/S: weakness, pain, sweating Tx: surgical excision of aneurysm and replacement with synthetic graft
Arteriosclerosis = progressive degeneration that produces narrowed, hardened arteries Eti: chronic hypertension, fatty plaque deposits, genetic predisposition S/S: difficulty breathing, chest pain, stroke, MI Tx: lipid-lowering drugs, angioplasty or stent, removal of plaque
Varicose Veins =damaged or incompetent valves in a vein Eti= blood flowing backward and collecting in a preceding section of vein. Can be caused by injury, long periods of sitting with crossed legs, constant standing, congenital S/S: distended appearance, bulging/twisting vein, pain, heavy feeling Tx: laser treatment, destruction of vein and redirecting blood into deeper veins
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy hyper- = above; more than normal -trophy = process of development; growth -ic = P.T. cardi/o- = heart my/o- = muscle -pathy = disease