Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 85 Topic: 15.1 Structure of the Heart Essential Question: NO EQ 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 15.1 The Cardiovascular System

Introduction to the Circulatory System 43s

3 The cardiovascular system: system made up of arteries, veins, capillaries, blood, and the heart The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system Pumps 7,000 liters of blood through the body each day Contracts (beats) about 2.5 billion times in the average lifetime

Blood Circulation 2m51s 4

5 Size of Heart Average Size of Heart: 14 cm long 9 cm wide About the size of your fist

6 Location of Heart Location of Heart: Posterior to sternum Medial to lungs Anterior to vertebral column Lies upon diaphragm

7 Blood VesselsPg. 85 Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins

8 Blood Vessels Arteries Carry blood away from heart Under high pressure Arterioles (ar-tear-e-als) Transports blood from arteries  capillaries Controls blood flow Greatly influences blood flow and blood pressure

9 Capillaries Smallest blood vessels Connect the arterioles and venules Semipermeable (allow materials in and out) Sites of exchange of substances between blood and body cells (ie. Nutrients, gases, waste) Blood Vessels

10 Venules (ven-ules) Transports blood from capillaries  veins Veins Carry blood toward ventricle of heart Carries blood under low pressure Contain the greatest volume of blood in the body (approx 60%) Can function as “blood reservoirs” in times of blood loss. They will help maintain blood pressure by returning more blood to the heart Blood Vessels

15.2 Clinical Application Blood Vessel Disorders 11 Read Highlight Answer Questions

15.2 Clinical Application: Blood Vessel Disorders 1.Describe the arterial disease atherosclerosis. Why are they dangerous? Deposits of fatty materials, particularly cholesterol, form within the inner lining of the arterial walls. These deposits are called plaque, and interfere with blood flow. 2. What are 5 risk factors for developing atherosclerosis? A fatty diet high in saturated fats, elevated blood pressure, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise. 3. What are some causes of an aneurysm? Atherosclerosis, trauma, high blood pressure, infections, inherited disorders, or defects in blood vessels. 4. What may happen if a person gets an aneurysm? It may cause symptoms by pressing on nearby organs, or it may rupture and produce a great loss of blood. 5. What is a pulmonary embolism? When a blood clot forms in a deep vein detaches and lodges in the pulmonary arterial system within a lung (may lead to death) 6. What are varicose veins? How does someone get them? Irregular dilation in superficial veins, prolonged back pressure, heredity, pregnancy, obesity and standing for long periods of time. 12 Pg. 589

Varicose Veins 13