Objective 3: Economic and Social Influences TAKS Success Camp 8 th Grade American History Coach Vega

Economics in the Colonies Mercantilism: economic system in which England controlled the trade of the colonies ship-building, fur trading, fishing, timber Northern Colonies: ship-building, fur trading, fishing, timber wheat and corn, herding, fur trading Middle Colonies: wheat and corn, herding, fur trading Plantation economy, cash crops like cotton and tobacco Southern Colonies: Plantation economy, cash crops like cotton and tobacco

Colonial Exports Which nation bought most of the goods exported from the colonies? Which nation bought most of the goods exported from the colonies? What percentage of exports was sold to regions other than Europe? What percentage of exports was sold to regions other than Europe?

Factors that Led to the Rapid Economic Growth of the United States

1. Free Enterprise Free Enterprise: individuals could participate in business activities with little government interference Free Enterprise: individuals could participate in business activities with little government interference This system encouraged many Americans to start and invest in new businesses This system encouraged many Americans to start and invest in new businesses

Development of Free Enterprise

2. National Economy Construction of roads, canals and railroads Construction of roads, canals and railroads Transportation improvements: steamboat Transportation improvements: steamboat Reduced the time required to transport goods Reduced the time required to transport goods

3. Industrialization Industrialization: widespread use of machines to produce goods Industrialization: widespread use of machines to produce goods Factories and manufacturing Factories and manufacturing Mass production of goods Mass production of goods Cities  grow and become larger Cities  grow and become larger Increased immigration because of job opportunities Increased immigration because of job opportunities

Factors leading to Industrialization

4. The Plantation Economy Invention of the cotton gin made cotton production faster Invention of the cotton gin made cotton production faster Cotton farming  spread throughout the South Cotton farming  spread throughout the South The demand for slaves increased The demand for slaves increased Result: Slavery spread after the invention of the cotton gin Result: Slavery spread after the invention of the cotton gin

The Cotton Gin Invented by Eli Whitney Invented by Eli Whitney Cotton Gin removed seeds from cotton Cotton Gin removed seeds from cotton Increased productivity Increased productivity

5. Technological Innovations Cotton GinRemoved seeds from cotton Textile FactoriesProduced cloth in large quantities Interchangeable Parts Parts that could be substituted or replaced SteamboatsIncreased speed of river travel TrainsIncreased speed of overland travel TelegraphAllowed rapid communication across long distances

McCormick’s Reaping Machine Which region would have benefited the MOST from this invention? Which region would have benefited the MOST from this invention?

Impact of the Cotton Gin What effect did the cotton gin have on slavery? What effect did the cotton gin have on slavery?

The Tariff System Tariff: a tax added to imported goods Tariff: a tax added to imported goods Helped American manufacturers by making American goods less expensive than imported goods Helped American manufacturers by making American goods less expensive than imported goods Why do you think the North LIKED the tariff? Why do you think the South DISLIKED the tariff?

Example of a Protective Tariff Cost to produce item Increase in price for profit Tariff 30% Total cost to buyer United States$3.50 +$1.00+= $4.50 Great Britain$3.00 +$1.00+ TAX $1.20 = $5.20

Tariffs and Sectionalism Most manufactured goods were made in the North Most manufactured goods were made in the North Northern businesses made more money because of the tariff Northern businesses made more money because of the tariff American goods cost more than imported goods without the tariff American goods cost more than imported goods without the tariff Southerners were angry: They had to pay higher prices and the only people getting rich off the tariff were Northerners!

Jackson and the Debt This chart shows the U.S. national debt from 1800 to The national debt is the total amount of money the national government owes. Over this time period, the debt rose and fell. It hit a low in 1835 under President Jackson as a result of profits made from selling American Indian land in the West.

Native American Lands How did the taking and selling of lands occupied by Native Americans in the West help the United States? How did the taking and selling of lands occupied by Native Americans in the West help the United States?

North or South? Cotton Production and Plantation farming were important parts of the economy Cotton Production and Plantation farming were important parts of the economy SOUTH

North or South? Factories were a major part of the economy Factories were a major part of the economy NORTH

North or South? Protective tariffs on manufactured goods helped the economy Protective tariffs on manufactured goods helped the economy NORTH

North or South? An increase in agricultural production resulted in a growing slave population An increase in agricultural production resulted in a growing slave population SOUTH

Reform Movements As the American economy grew, people began to have the time and money to help make the world a better place! As the American economy grew, people began to have the time and money to help make the world a better place! Many people worked to improve society and help others Many people worked to improve society and help others

Important Reform Movements Abolitionist Movement Wanted the elimination of slavery Temperance Movement Urged Americans to quit drinking alcohol Public Education Movement Wanted to create government funded schools for all students Women’s Rights Movement Wanted women to have the right to own property and vote

Abolitionist Leaders William Lloyd Garrison: published a newspaper, The Liberator, that called for the immediate freeing of all slaves William Lloyd Garrison: published a newspaper, The Liberator, that called for the immediate freeing of all slaves Frederick Douglass: a former slave who became a well-known speaker and writer Frederick Douglass: a former slave who became a well-known speaker and writer Harriet Beecher Stowe: her book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, caused many Americans to oppose slavery Harriet Beecher Stowe: her book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, caused many Americans to oppose slavery

Women’s Rights Movement Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton: organized the first women’s rights convention, the Seneca Falls Convention Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton: organized the first women’s rights convention, the Seneca Falls Convention The Declaration of Sentiments was a document created at the Seneca Falls Convention that called for women to have the same rights as men The Declaration of Sentiments was a document created at the Seneca Falls Convention that called for women to have the same rights as men

Religious Movements 1 st and 2 nd Great Awakenings: Religious revivals, beginning of evangelism 1 st and 2 nd Great Awakenings: Religious revivals, beginning of evangelism