Section 2-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea Citizens possess certain rights. With citizenship, Americans also have certain responsibilities.

Section 2-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary naturalization alien immigrant deport

Section 1 What is Civics? (cont.) What is citizenship? –People who owe loyalty to the government –Entitled to protection from the government

What is civics? CivicsCivics is the study of the rights and duties of citizens. citizens

Section 2-Polling Question Do you think that the United States government should have the right to take citizenship away from American citizens? A.Yes B.No A.A B.B

Section 2 Path to Citizenship In the United States, there are two ways to become a citizen: by birth and by a process called naturalization.

Section 2 Path to Citizenship (cont.) There are two ways to become an American citizen: –Birth –NaturalizationNaturalization Dual citizenship for Americans

Section 2 Path to Citizenship (cont.) The naturalization process for aliens:aliens –Declaration of Intention –Living in the United States –Interview and citizenship exam –Oath of allegiance Native Americans as citizens

Section 2 Path to Citizenship (cont.) Denying and losing citizenship: –Improperly obtained citizenship –Expatriation –Federal crimes involving extreme disloyalty

Section 2 Aliens in America Even though the United States controls the admission of aliens to this country, each year millions of people enter America illegally.

Section 2 Aliens in America (cont.) There are restrictions on the number of immigrants who can enter the United States. immigrants Immigration Act of 1990

Section 2 Aliens in America (cont.) Aliens living in the United States illegally: –Temporary visitors –Crossing borders –Foreigners with expired legal permits –Many fear being deporteddeported

Section 2 Aliens in America (cont.) The United States Border Patrol: Different categories of legal aliens: –Resident aliens –Nonresident aliens –Refugees Rights of aliens

A.A B.B Section 2 Do you think that aliens should be able to vote in elections and run for office? A.Yes B.No

Section 1 Do you agree that the United States is strengthened by the common and public use of one language? A.Agree B.Disagree A.A B.B

Section 1 Should the US eliminate birthright citizenship? A.Agree B.Disagree A.A B.B

A.A B.B Section 1 Should the US adopt a guest worker program? A.Agree B.Disagree

Section 3-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals.

Section 3-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary government public policy budget democracy direct democracydirect democracy representative democracyrepresentative democracy republic monarchy majority rule authoritarian totalitarian

Section 3 The Need for Government The different levels of government provide many different services.

Section 3 The Need for Government (cont.) Government is the ruling authority for a community, or society.Government Functions of government: –Keep order –Provide security Functions of Government

Section 3 The Need for Government (cont.) –Provide services –Guide the community Formulate public policypublic policy Plan and budgetbudget Functions of Government

Section 3 The Need for Government (cont.) Levels of government: –National –State and local

Levels of Government National: coin money, declare war, establish post offices State: Police, education, zoning, etc. Local: Curfew laws, fire department Examples

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 Which function of government do you think is most important for a community? A.Keeping order B.Guiding the community C.Providing services D.Providing security

Section 3 Types of Government The people are the ultimate rulers of democratic countries, while in totalitarian states, a single person or small group holds all the power.

Section 3 Types of Government (cont.) Principles of democracy: –Rule of law –Limited government –Consent of the governed Principles of American Democracy

Section 3 Types of Government (cont.) –Individual rights –Representative government –Majority ruleMajority rule Principles of American Democracy

Within Democracies Voting: Free, fair, and competitive elections. Everyone’s vote must carry the same weight. Choice: Competitive elections where anyone can run (as long as they have enough support) Principles of a Democracy

Majority Rule: Jean Jacques Rousseau said that citizens should agree that when differences of opinion you abide by what the majority wants…while always keeping in mind the views of the minority.

Section 3 Types of Government (cont.) Democratic government –Direct democracy –Representative democracy or republicRepresentative democracyrepublic –Constitutional monarchymonarchy Types of democracy:democracy

Direct Democracy Where every decision is voted on by every person in the democracy. –Might work for a very small town, but not for a country with over 300 million people. Direct Democracy

Representative Democracy Citizens choose a small group to represent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf. –Most countries have instituted this form of democracy. (AKA a republic or constitutional republic. –America has the oldest representative democracy in the world. GO USA! Representative Democracy

Section 3 Types of Government (cont.) Authoritarian governmentAuthoritarian –Absolute monarchy –Dictatorship –TotalitarianismTotalitarianism Comparing Democratic and Authoritarian Systems

Constitutional Monarchy Government with a hereditary ruler-a king queen, emperor, or other royal figure who inherits the position of power. –However, most constitutional monarchies follow democratic principles and the monarchs are mostly heads of state who don’t hold much power. Monarchy

Authoritarian Governments Absolute Monarchy: Monarchs who had unlimited authority to rule as they wished.

Dictatorships Dictators exercise complete control over the state. Usually take power by force, not inheritance. Dictatorship

Totalitarianism In a totalitarian state, the government’s control extends to almost all aspects of people’s lives. Political opposition, individual freedom, and right to assembly are severely limited if not forbidden. Totalitarian State

VS 1 The American People Because of its heritage, the United States is often called “a nation of immigrants.” Until the mid-1900s, most immigrants came from Europe. Latin America now accounts for the largest share of immigrants to the United States. The United States is a diverse nation, reflecting the values of many groups.

VS 2 American Values and Institutions Values are ideas about what is good or desirable that are shared by people in a society. Our basic values include freedom, equality, opportunity, justice, and tolerance. Every society has institutions that help it transmit its values. Important American institutions are the family, religious, educational, social, and governmental institutions.

VS 3 Citizenship According to the U.S. Constitution, people can become American citizens by birth and through naturalization. Millions of illegal aliens live in the United States. Legal aliens have entered the country lawfully.

VS 4 Government People need governments to make and enforce laws and to help us meet our needs. The purposes of government include the following: Providing order and security Providing public services Guiding the community

VS 4 Government Although all governments carry out the same basic functions, there are differences in the ways governments can be organized. The main types of government are democratic government and authoritarian government. In a democracy, the supreme political authority rests with the people.