Reproductive System Jackilyn Byrd, RN, BSN

Function Produce new life Male & female o Obviously different o Both have same types of organs Sex glands Ducts to carry the sex cells Accessory organs

Male Reproductive System Organs & Glands o Testes o Epididymis o Vas deferens o Seminal vessicles o Ejaculatory ducts o Urethra o Prostate gland o Penis

Testes Testes o Gonads (sex glands) o Located in scrotum Sac suspended outside the body Why are they outside the body?? o Lower body temp o Essential for sperm to survive o Testes also produce hormones Main hormone is ____________ TESTOSTERONE o Maturation of sperm o Secondary sex characteristics Body hair, facial hair, larger muscles, deep voice

Epididymis Epididymis Tightly coiled tube o Approximately 20 ft long Stores sperm while they mature Produces seminal fluid o Thick, yellow fluid o Nourishment for sperm o Large part of semen

Ejaculatory Ducts Ejaculatory ducts o Two short tubes o Vas deferens + seminal vesicles o Carry semen through prostate and into urethra

Prostate Prostate o Doughnut shaped gland o Located below bladder and on either side of urethra o Produces alkaline secretion to Increase sperm motility Neutralize acidity in vagina o Muscles in prostate contract during ejaculation Urethra closes Semen ejected

Penis Penis External male organ No bones, only spongy erectile tissue During arousal, spaces fill with blood Deposits semen into vagina Provides for elimination of urine

Female Organs Ovaries Fallopian Tubes Uterus Bartholin’s glands Vagina Vulva Breasts

Ovaries Female Gonads Each contain thousands of eggs Released approx q 28 days (ovulation) Produce estrogen and progesterone

Fallopian Tubes Two Each approx 5” long Carry eggs from ovaries to uterus

Uterus Hollow, muscular organ Organ of menstruation Allows for development and growth of baby Contracts to deliver baby during birth

Vagina Muscular tube Connects cervix to outside of the body Passageway for menstrual flow Receives sperm Birth canal

Bartholin’s glands Two small glands One on each side of the vagina Secretes mucus for lubrication during intercourse

Vulva External genital area o Labia majora-outer “lips” o Labia minora- inner folds o Clitoris-erectile tissue o Perineum-area between vagina and anus

Breasts Mammary glands Milk production

Disease of Reproductive System

Epididymitis Inflammation of epididymis Usually by bacteria Frequent with UTI, Mumps or STDs S/sx: intense pain in testes, swelling & fever Tx: abx, cold therapy, scrotal support, pain med IF NOT TREATED: scarring and sterilization

Endometriosis Abnormal growth of tissue outside the uterus Becomes embedded in the pelvic area Can cause sterility S/sx: pelvic pain, abn bleeding, very painful periods Tx: hormone therapy, pain meds, D&C, surgical removal of affected organs

Cancer Prostate, Testicular, Breast, Cervical, Uterine, Ovarian s/sx: vary depending on type Tx: surgical removal, radiation, chemo