Law of Physics chapter 18 A moving charge looses energy = electron would eventually be pulled into the nucleus = Rutherford atom would be unstable.

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Presentation transcript:

Law of Physics chapter 18 A moving charge looses energy = electron would eventually be pulled into the nucleus = Rutherford atom would be unstable

New ideas as to the parts of and arrangement of an atom Proton + Rutherford 1917 Neutron neutral Chadwick 1932 Electron – Thomson 1897

Carbon 12 Nuclear symbolism mass number protons + neutrons 12 C atomic number = # of protons 6 6 electrons - 6 protons + 6 neutrons

Carbon 14 Isotope = same element with different mass (more neutrons) mass number protons + neutrons 14 C atomic number = # of protons 6 6 electrons – 6 protons + 8 neutrons

Atomic number determines which element Mass number determines the isotope-same atomic number, different mass because of amount of neutrons. There is usually more than one type of isotope for all atoms

Atomic mass unit Chadwick neutron amu = = 1 Rutherford proton amu = = 1 Thomson electron amu = = 0

Carbon 12 1 atomic mass unit = 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom Mass of Carbon = amu 6 protons = 6 x = neutrons = 6 x = electrons = 6 x.0005 = =

.009 is the mass that is lost. It goes to energy and is called the nuclear binding energy. With this absence, the nucleolus will not fly apart. E = MC 2 The natural tendency of the nucleolus is to repel the + charges and fly apart. The deficient of the amu.009 holds it together. Overcomes repulsion from neutrons and protons P-P, P-N, N-N Strong nuclear force

Atomic mass/weight Atomic mass = mass of a given isotope of an element Carbon 12 or Carbon 14 Atomic weight = weighted average of the atomic masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Atomic weight % abundance of naturally occurring isotopes by Atomic mass = 99.0% = 0.10% = 0.90% x.9900 = 11.88amu x.0010 =.0130amu x.0090 =.13amu = amu = 12.02amu = atomic weight of Carbon. The others are isotopes (Carbon 14)