It Takes Teamwork

Sperm Anatomy Acrosome enzymes: hyaluronidase, acrosin, neuraminidase

Eggs are viable for 72 hours Sperm is viable for 48 hours Implantation occurs about 5-6 days after conception Fertilization and Implantation

Male Reproductive System Functions: 1. testes produce sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone 2. ducts transport, store and assist in maturation of the sperm 3. accessory organs secrete most of the liquid portion of the semen 4. the penis and urethra serve as a passageway for sperm and urine

Male Reproductive System glans penis bladder urethra prostate gland penis testes bulbourethral gland vas deferens ejaculatory duct seminal vesicle epididymus scrotum

Female Reproductive System Functions: 1. ovaries produce secondary oocytes and sex hormones 2. uterine tubes transports secondary oocyte to uterus for fertilization 3. uterus is site of implantation of fertilized ovum, development of fetus, and labor 4. vagina receives the penis during intercourse, passageway for childbirth 5. mammary glands synthesize, secrete, and eject milk

Female Reproductive System Fallopian Tube Fimbria stratum basalis functionalis Prepuce

Male : Female Homology Males Females TestesOvaries PenisVagina Glans PenisClitoris ScrotumLabia Majora ForeskinPrepuce Prostate GlandGreater Vestibule Gland Seminal VesicleParaurethral Gland

Male Puberty Changes GnRH increase LH/FSH increase testosterone increase spermatogenesis onset genitalia increase muscle/bone increase hair growth increase voice deepens sweat increase

Enticement, Excitement and Orgasm 1. Enticement - Sympathetic Nervous System Male/Female become sexually attracted to someone show similar response as “Fight or Flight” response 2. Excitement - Parasympathetic Nervous System Male Erection: arteries in the penis dilate and fill the spongy tissue with blood Spongy tissue traps the blood in sinuses making the penis stay erect Female Lubrication: arteries in the vagina fill blood forcing lubricating fluid out Secretions lubricate the vagina and prepare the genitals for intercourse 3. Orgasm - Sympathetic Nervous System Male Ejaculation: peristaltic contractions propel semen through out of the penis Female Orgasm: peristaltic contractions ripple through the uterus and vagina

Female Reproductive Cycle Hormones GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) stimulates the follicle growth and estrogen release LH (lutenizing hormone) stimulates the follicle growth and estrogen release promotes ovulation and triggers the formation of the corpus luteum Estrogens development and maintenance of female sex characteristics controls fluid and electrolyte balance and increases protein anabolism lowers blood cholesterol and moderate levels inhibit GnRH, LH and FSH Progesterone works with estrogens to prepare endometrium for implantation of ovum prepares mammary glands for milk secretion and inhibits the release of GnRH and LH

Menstrual Cycle Ovarian Cycle Follicular phase ovulation luteal phase Uterine Cycle menstrual phase proliferative phase secretory phase

Hormonal- Dependent Female Sexual Activity Sexual activity peaks at ovulation

Development of Sexual Orientation Genetics? – similarity in twins – runs in families Brain Differences? – male/female – gay/straight Hormones? Environment? – increased maternal contact – lack of playmates – many older brothers

Female Sexually Dimorphic Nuclei

Male Sexually Dimorphic Nuclei

Reproductive System Development XY chromosomes SRY genes Wolffian Ducts Mullerian Ducts

Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior in the Female rat

Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior in the Male rat

Testosterone Myth