THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR – Ch. 12, Section 2 By Mr. Thomas Parsons

I. The Coming of War A.In 1868 a Cuban Revolution failed B.Revolutionary leader Jose Marti fled to the US 1.While there, he raised money to purchase weapons 2.Trained troops in the US

C.Yellow Journalism 1.Yellow Journalism was exaggerated stories of Spanish attacks on Cubans 2.Newspapers competed for syndicated readership 3.Joseph Pulitzer ran New York World 4.William Randolph Hearst Ran the New York Journal 5.The Yellow Kid – Political Cartoon, started in the NY world 6.The Yellow Kid cartoonist was lured to the NY Journal

D.General Valeriano Weyler – 1.Spanish governor of Cuba - caused the deaths of thousands 2.He set up Re-concentration camps

E.Enrique Dupuy de Lome – Spanish ambassador 1.He was the Spanish ambassador to the US 2.Wrote private letter calling McKinley a wiener 3.It was intercepted by Cuban Revolutionaries 4.Printed in the New York Journal

F.U.S.S. Maine – sunk in Havana Harbor, February Sunk in Havana Harbor, February American dead 3.Blamed on a Spanish mine G.McKinley didn’t want to intervene – 1.He was influenced by Jingoism (pro war attitudes) 2.He asked congress for a war declaration

II. A Two Front War A.Late April 1898 US Navy’s North Atlantic Squadron blocked Cuba B.Early May American Fleet attacked the Spanish Fleet in the Philippines 1.Led by Commodore George Dewey 2.Destroyed the Spanish Fleet 3.Seized the Island of Guam

C.June 1898 American Troops land - 1.Rough Riders led by Colonel Leonard Wood with Theodore Roosevelt 2.All black 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments led by Colonel John J. (Blackjack) Pershing 3.August 12, 1898 Spain Surrendered

III. The American Empire A.Many Americans pushed for annexing the Philippines 1.Good base location 2.Market for US goods 3.To help our “Little Brown Brothers” (William Howard Taft)

B.December 1898 – Treaty of Paris 1.Cuba independent 2.US gained Puerto Rico and Guam 3.Paid Spain $20 Million for the Philippines

C.The Philippine Insurrection – Emilio Aguinaldo – Philippine revolutionary – ordered an attack on American troops 2.American’s set up re- concentration camps 3.Killed - 4,000 Americans and 20,000 Filipinos

C.(cont.) 1.Aquinaldo captured in William Howard Taft, US Governor introduced reforms to Philippines 3.US granted independence in 1946

D.Puerto Rico 1.Foraker Act, 1900– Made Puerto Rico an unincorporated territory Puerto Ricans made US Citizens Elected its own governor 4.Debate over fate continues

E.Platt Amendment – 1.Ensured Cuba would be tied to the US 2.Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation without US approval 3.US allowed to buy naval base 4.US allowed to intervene to protect Cuban independence

Closing Assessment: 1.) Why did the United States get involved with the Spanish American War, and how did it further American Imperialism? 2.) Explain the significance of the Platt Amendment, and how this agreement still effects the United States today?