Chapter 11 Section 1 Paths to War

A. The German Path to War WWII began w/ the ideas of Adolf Hitler Hitler believed Germans descended from Aryans Aryans superior to all other races Hitler wanted to create the Third Reich, an all-Aryan empire Hitler wanted to take over Eastern Europe and recolonize w/ Germans

The First Steps After WWI, Germany’s military power and territory limited by Treaty of Versailles March 9, 1935, Hitler announced the creation of a new German air force (violation of treaty) A week later, he increased army from 100,000 to 550,000 (violation of treaty) Fr., and Br., condemned Hitler, but didn’t want to go to war March 7, 1936, Hitler invaded the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone in Germany (violation of treaty)

Br. began to practice policy of appeasement Giving into demands of an aggressive nations in order to satisfy them

New Alliances Mussolini wanted to create an Italian Empire in Mediterranean 1935, they invaded Ethiopia This angered Br. And Fr. 1936, Germany and Italy sent troops to help Franco in Spain Later that year, Germany and Italy allied together called the Rome-Berlin Axis Same year, Germany and Japan signed anti-comintern pact to fight communism

Union With Austria By 1937, Germany out of depression and a world power 1938, Hitler announced plan to take Austria Called the Anschluss or union Hitler replaced Austrian leaders w/ Nazis and annexed Austria Demands and Appeasement Sept 1938, Hitler demanded that he be given the Sudetenland German-speaking portion of Czechoslovakia Br. And Fr. Met w/ Hitler at Munich Br. And Fr. Agreed to give Germany the Sudetenland Hitler promised that would be the last of his demands

Great Britain and France React Hitler was convinced no one would stop him now 1939, Hitler took over Moravia, and Bohemia in Western Czech. Next, Hitler wanted the port of Danzig in Poland Br. And Fr. Offered to protect Poland Hitler and Soviets Br. And Fr. Hoped USSR would join them against Germany Aug., 23, 1939, Hitler made a non-aggression pact w/ Stalin Promised to invade Poland and split it w/ USSR Sept., 1 Hitler invade Poland Br. And Fr. Declare war

B. The Japanese Path to War Japan had invade Manchuria for natural resources League of Nations sent investigators to examine the situation When the League condemned Japan, they withdrew from the League The Japanese renamed it Manchukuo By the 1930s, the military ruled Japan

War With China Chiang Kai-shek tried to avoid Japanese so he could deal w/ communists He allowed Japanese to control Manchuria As Japan invaded further south, Chinese began to protest 1936, Chiang organized resistance against Japanese 1937, Chinese and Japanese fight at Beijing Japanese seized capital of Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek had to move the capital

The New Asian Order Japan wanted to control China, and Manchuria Called the New Order Japan still needed resources and faced a dilemma: Take over Soviet Siberia in the north=risk angering Hitler Take over Southern China=risk angering the U.S. Japan decides to invade French Indochina U.S. warned Japan that it would apply economic sanctions against them U.S. giving scrap metal and oil to Japan, which it badly needed Japan began to plan a military attack on the U.S. (Pearl Harbor)