Pan rydym yn astudio ffitrwydd person mae’n rhaid ni ei ystyried mewn cyd- destyn eang. Mae’n rhaid i ni ofyn ‘ffit ar gyfer be?’ Mae gan bob unigolyn.

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Pan rydym yn astudio ffitrwydd person mae’n rhaid ni ei ystyried mewn cyd- destyn eang. Mae’n rhaid i ni ofyn ‘ffit ar gyfer be?’ Mae gan bob unigolyn ofynion ffitrwydd penodol. When we study fitness we need to examine it in a broad sense. We need to ask ‘fit for what?’ Everybody has their own specific fitness requirement. FFITRWYDD - FITNESS

TASG - TASK Beth ydych chi’n feddwl mae ffitrwydd yn ei olygu i’r bobl ganlynol? What do you think fitness means to the following people?

CYDRANNAU FFITRWYDD – FITNESS COMPONENTS Mae’r cydrannau ffitrwydd i gyd yn disgyn i mewn i ddau gategori : Cydrannau Ffitrwydd Corfforol Cydrannau Ffitrwydd sy’n Gysylltiedig â Sgil Mae ffitrwydd corfforol yn ymwneud ag effeithiolrwydd y corff tra mae ffitrwydd sy’n gysylltiedig â sgil yn ymwneud mwy â pherfformiad. All the fitness components fall into two categories : Physical Fitness Components Skill Related Fitness Components Physical fitness is concerned with the body’s effectiveness at keeping us healthy, whilst skill related fitness is more concerned with performance.

Cydrannau Ffitrwydd Corfforol Physical Fitness Components Dygnwch Aerobig Aerobic Endurance Dygnwch Cyhyrol Muscular Endurance Cryfder Strength Hyblygrwydd Flexibility Cyfansoddiad Corff Body Composition Cyflymder Speed

Cydrannau Ffitrwydd sy’n Gysylltiedig â Sgil Skill Related Fitness Components Ystwythder Agility Amser Adweithio Reaction Time Cydbwysedd Balance Cyd-drefniant Coordination Pŵer Power

Mae rhai cydrannau ffitrwydd yn bwysicach i rai gweithgareddau na rhai eraill e.e. mae cryfder yn bwysig wrth ddringo tra mae dygnwch aerobig yn bwysig i berson sy’n cyfeiriannu. Some fitness components are more important in some sports than others e.g. strength is important when climbing while aerobic endurance is important to a person that is orienteering. CYDRANNAU FFITRWYDD – FITNESS COMPONENTS

DYGNWCH AEROBIG – AEROBIC ENDURANCE Dygnwch aerobig yw'r gallu i ddal ati i ymarfer am gyfnodau hir. Mae dygnwch aerobig yn ddibynnol ar allu’r system gardiofasgwlaidd i ddosbarthu ocsigen i’r cyhyrau yn ystod cyfnod hir o ymarfer. Aerobic endurance is the capacity to keep exercising for extended periods of time. Aerobic endurance is dependant on the ability of the cardiovascular system to distribute oxygen to the muscles during long periods of exercise.

DYGNWCH AEROBIG – AEROBIC ENDURANCE

Dygnwch Cyhyrol yw gallu’r cyhyrau i gynnal cyfangiadau ac i gyfangu dro ar ôl tro heb flino. Muscular Endurance is the ability of the muscles to maintain and repeat contractions without getting tired. DYGNWCH CYHYROL – MUSCULAR ENDURANCE

Hyblygrwydd yw’r ystod o symudiad o gwmpas cymal. Os oes gennych hyblygrwydd gwael byddwch yn symud yn stiff a byddwch yn fwy tebygol o niweidio’ch tendonau a’ch gewynnau mewn symudiad gwyllt. Mae rhai chwaraeon, er enghraifft gymnasteg, yn gofyn am lefel uchel o hyblygrwydd gan y corff cyfan. Gofynna chwaraeon eraill, er enghraifft taflu picell am hyblygrwydd mewn rhannau penodol o’r corff. Flexibility is the range of movement around a joint. If you have poor flexibility you move stiffly and you are more likely to injure your tendons and ligaments in violent movements. Some sports, such as gymnastics require a great deal of overall body flexibility. Other sports, for example javelin, require flexibility in particular parts of the body. HYBLYGRWYDD – FLEXIBILITY

Cyflymder yw’r gallu i symud rhan neu holl rannau’r corff yn sydyn. Mae’n golygu ymdrech fawr iawn mewn cyfnod byr o amser. I gael cyflymder da mae’n rhaid i’r cyhyrau dderbyn egni yn sydyn gan ddefnyddio’r system anaerobig. Yn ogystal â hyn mae’n rhaid i’r cyhyrau allu cyfangu yn yr amser lleiaf posib. Byddai person sydd gan ganran uchel o ffibrau sy’n ymateb yn gyflym yn ei gyhyrau fantais naturiol. Speed is the ability to move a part or all parts of the body quickly. It requires a great deal of effort over a short period of time. For our bodies to achieve speed energy has to be supplied to the muscles quickly using our anaerobic energy supply system. In addition to this the muscles have to contract in the shortest possible time. If we have a high percentage of fast twitch fibres in our muscles then we have a natural advantage. CYFLYMDER - SPEED

CRYFDER - STRENGTH Cryfder cyhyrol ydy’r grym y mae’r cyhyrau’n ei weithredu wrth gyfangu. Muscular strength is the force muscles exert when they contract.

CRYFDER - STRENGTH

CYFANSODDIAD Y CORFF – BODY COMPOSITION Cyfansoddiad y corff yw cyfran y braster sydd yn y corff o'i gymharu â'r esgyrn a'r cyhyrau. Mae màs y cyhyrau, yn benodol, yn bwysig iawn i berfformiad mewn chwaraeon. Mae braster yn un o gydrannau'r corff nad yw'n helpu lefelau perfformiad mewn chwaraeon (er bod rhai eithriadau). Mae gormodedd o fraster yn y corff yn gosod straen ar y galon a'r cyhyrau. Body composition is the proportion of fat in the body compared to bone and muscle. Muscle mass, in particular, is very important in sport performances. Body fat is a component that does not help performances in sport (there are a few exceptions). Too much body fat puts a strain on the heart and muscles.

CYFANSODDIAD Y CORFF – BODY COMPOSITION

YSTWYTHDER - AGILITY Ystwythder ydy’r gallu i newid ystum a chyfeiriad y corff yn gyflym. Mae’n gyfuniad o gyfymder, cydbwysedd, pwer a chyd-drefniant. Agility is the ability to change the body’s position and direction quickly. It is a combination of speed, balance, power and co-ordination.

YSTWYTHDER - AGILITY

CYDBWYSEDD - BALANCE Cydbwysedd yw gallu’r corff i gadw rheolaeth arno’i hun. Mae yna ddau fath o gydbwysedd. Cydbwysedd Statig – sef y gallu i gynnal ystum arbennig heb siglo na disgyn. Cydbwysedd Dynamig – sef y gallu i symud a newid cyfeiriad heb siglo na disgyn. Balance is the body’s ability to keep control of itself. There are two types of balance. Static Balance – which is the ability to hold a position without wobbling or falling over. Dynamic Balance – which is the ability to move and change direction without wobbling or falling over.

CYDBWYSEDD - BALANCE

CYD-DREFNIANT - COORDINATION Cyd-drefniant ydy’r gallu i symud rhannau o’r corff yn esmwyth a chywir mewn ymateb i negeseuon gan eich synhwrau. Mae cyd-drefniant da yn digwydd o ganlyniad i gydweithio rhwng y system nerfol a’r system gyhyrol. Mae cyd-drefniant da yn hanfodol i berfformio’n fedrus. Fe ddewch yn ymwybodol o gyd-drefniant gwael wrth i chi geisio dysgu sgiliau newydd sbon. Co-ordination is the ability to move your body parts smoothly and accurately in response to what your senses tell you. Good co-ordination occurs as a result of the nervous system and muscular system working well together. Good co-ordination is essential for skilful performance. We become aware of poor co-ordination when we try to learn new skills.

CYD-DREFNIANT - COORDINATION

PŴER - POWER Mae pŵer yn gyfuniad o gryfder a chyflymder symudiad. Mae’r egni ar gyfer pŵer yn dod o’r system anaerobig. Power is a combination of strength and speed of movement. The energy for power comes from the anaerobic system.

PŴER - POWER

AMSER ADWEITHIO – REACTION TIME Amser adweithio ydy’r amser a gymerir i’r corff ymateb i symbyliad. Mae’r gallu i adweithio yn gyflym i symbyliad yn fantais fawr yn y rhan fwyaf o gampau. Gall yr adweithiad fod yn un syml lle mae’r ymateb yr un fath bob tro er enghraifft ymateb i’r gwn ar ddechrau ras. Gall yr adweithiad gynnwys penderfyniad lle mae’n rhaid i’r unigolyn wneud dewis am sut i ymateb er enghraifft derbyn pêl wrth chwarae tenis neu arbed gôl. Reaction time is the time it takes the body to respond to a stimulus. The ability to react quickly to a stimulus is a great advantage in most sports. The reaction can be simple where the response is the same every time for example responding to the gun at the start of a race. The reaction can involve a decision where the individual has to choose how to respond for example receiving the ball in tennis or saving a goal.

AMSER ADWEITHIO – REACTION TIME

TASG - TASK Dewisiwch un gweithgaredd awyr agored a rhestrwch y cydrannau ffitrwydd yr ydych chi’n meddwl sydd bwysicaf ar gyfer y gweithgaredd hwnnw gan roi rhesymau i egluro eich dewis. Choose one outdoor activity and list the fitness components that you think are most important for that activity, giving reasons to explain your choice.