CAROLINA COLONY

I. Charles Town is Established The English founded Charles Town at Albemarle Point in 1670 1st permanent settlement in SC Settlers came from diverse backgrounds 1st were English that came from Barbados French, Swiss, German, Scottish, Irish also came Religious groups like Jews and French Huguenots African Slaves

II. Proprietary Colony The king gives the Carolina land to 8 supporters as a gift. They called themselves the Lord Proprietors The proprietor can make laws and rules for the territory and charge people money to settle there.

Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper asked the other LPs to pitch in money to pay for a colony. Promised the others they would make back their money through the use of a quitrent (a tax on the land settlers had to pay)

III. Settling Carolina There were many people from London who wanted to go to the New World, Thanks to the devastating events of: Bubonic Plague Great Fire of London Slowly the Lords Proprietors convinced people to come to Carolina with the help of: Headright Method-led to plantation system Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

IV. Fundamental Constitution of Carolina Guaranteed religious tolerance (religious freedom) for people who settled in Carolina. This attracted many settlers

V. Governing Carolina The Lords Proprietors remained in England and had others run the colony, a Governor and Grand Council. The Grand Council consisted of: 1. Representatives of the Lords Proprietors - people who spoke for the Lords 2. The Carolina Elite - Colonists who were wealthy and influential with the government 3. Representatives of the Common People - people who spoke for the lower classes

VII. Charles Town Moves Little planning went into the settlement at Albemarle Point so the layout of the town was very bad The settlers decided to move Charles Towne to Oyster Point where they could try again at having an orderly city Charleston then became the capital of Carolina Colony

VIII. Carolina’s Growing Economy Colonists of Carolina made money by: 1. Trade with Indians for fur 2. Raising cattle 3. Naval stores 4. Indigo 5. Growing Rice

IX. Deerskin Trade Native Americans would trade deerskins and furs in exchange for beads, guns, and alcohol. The furs and deerskin were then shipped to England.

X. Raising Cattle The African slaves were experienced herdsmen and provided the knowledge need to raise cattle. Cattle was sold to Barbados

XI. Naval Stores This is pitch and tar made from Pine trees to make naval ships watertight. The Africans provided the labor to produce these items.

XII. Indigo Indigo was a plant used to make a highly valued blue dye The British government was offering a subsidy to anyone who would grow it. Eliza Lucas was able to successfully grow this and Indigo became a new cash crop for South Carolina.

XIII. Rice West Africans had been growing rice for centuries and slave ships soon began combing the shores of Africa in search of people to help bring rice culture to America. RICE = SLAVES

The knowledge they had of how to grow rice made the crop a success in Carolina. The rice culture could only exist under the institution of slavery

XIV. The Need for Labor With the development of cash crops and the plantation system there was an increased need for labor and in increase in the slave trade. Many slaves were brought from Barbados or forced on the “Middle Passage” from Western Africa Triangle Trade

XV. Success for Economy Without the slaves Carolina colony would have failed! Slaves were the ones who knew how to raise cattle, grow rice, and provided the labor for the naval stores With the success of the Carolina economy came an increase in people moving to the colony

XVI. Culture Slaves brought their African culture with them; knowledge of how to grow rice and raise cattle. They also brought other aspects of their culture such as: Language - Gullah Dance Music Basket weaving

XVII. Problems in Carolina The Colonist felt neglected by the Lords Proprietors because: The Lords lived in England and were absent from Carolina. They did not provide protection to the Colonists from Indian attacks but still collected rent on the land The Colonists believed the King would protect them better.

XVIII. Royal Colony The King of England agrees to make South Carolina into a royal colony and appoints a royal governor to control South Carolina. As the population grew, the areas of settlement also expanded. The King also separated Carolina into North and South. A division of these areas occurred resulting in the Lowcountry and Upcountry.

XIX. The Lowcountry Wealthy and Educated people Large Slave population/Plantations all the courts and government offices were in the lowcountry (more representation)

XX. The Upcountry (Backcountry) Poorest people lived here Subsistence Farming Had to defend themselves against native American attacks

XXI. Regulator Movement All the courts were in the Low Country, there was no law enforcement in the Upcountry The people in the Up County decided to take the law into their own hands and form a group of vigilantes called the Regulators

The Regulators would hold their own trials that did not have juries or lawyers South Carolina solved this by forming a court system with sheriffs and jails in the Up County

XXII. Slave Population Grows Overtime, the slave trade created an imbalance of population and majority of slaves. However, the white population did not want to end slavery because they were worried about the economy.

XXIII. Stono Rebellion A slave result near Charles Town A small group of slaves wanted to escape to St. Augustine, Florida where the Spanish said they would be free

XXIV. Slave Codes Laws that allowed plantation owners to keep tighter control of their slaves Also punished slave owners who were cruel to the slaves