Community Dentistry Lec1 Hassan Moyasser Dawood MSC Orthodontics

Dental Public Health (D.P.H.)  The American Board of D.P.H. modified the Winslow definition and defined D.P.H. (in 1970) as: the science and art of preventing and controlling dental disease and promoting dental health through organized community effort. Public Health (P.H.) Winslow (in 1920) defined P.H. as: the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental efficiency through organized community effort.

Community Dentistry includes: 1. The provision of individual therapeutic and prevention dental care. 2. It is that form of dental practice which serves the community as a patient than the individual. 3. It is concerned with D.H.E. of the public, with research and the application of the findings of the research. 4. It has more to do with planning and evaluating different systems of care for the whole community and particularly with examining the feasibility of preventive dental measures (e,g. Fluoride). 5. The need for public involvement in choosing health proportion and systems of care is also stressed as in public responsibility for maintaining health.

Procedural pattern: The foregoing analogy between the procedure employed by the dental clinician and the public health worker may be summarized as follows: PatientCommunity ExaminationSurvey DiagnosisAnalysis Treatment planningProgram planning Payment for servicesFinance EvaluationAppraisal

Survey 1. Extent of dental problem must be determined. 2. Carefully choose random sample that validity reflects the experience of the population as whole. 3. Measure the disease existence in the population by using indices.

Analysis It is analysis of the information that been collected from the population in certain statistical methods in order to define the characteristic of specific community health problem, this analysis indicated a need for the services.

Program planning 1. Once the analysis has been made, one can proceed to make plans effective. 2. Decision making for solving the particular health problem. Program operation Preventive and curative services, Dental health education (D.H.E.), fluoridation.

Finance Operational finding is usually provided by government agencies. Appraisal (Evaluation the program) To assess the effectiveness of the program.

Prevalence  It is proportion of a given population that exhibits the disease or condition at a given time. e.g. prevalence of dental caries in the population was 60% or the population showed 60% caries. Prevalence means simply that on average out of every 100 individual in the population, 60 showed evidence of D.C. in one or more teeth.

Incidence  The number of new cases of disease or condition originated between two points of time.  practical difference between prevalence and incidence is that …..  for prevalence only one examination is needed,  whereas for incidence two examination are needed one at the beginning and one at the end of prescribed time period.

Increment Is the number of new cases of a disease occurring over a given period of time. Mortality In people death divided by the population raised by a power of 10 (100 or 1000 depending on the circumstances). In teeth lost teeth divided by the total number of teeth possible in the group or alternatively missing teeth per person. Lost teeth Total No. of teeth

M DMF Fatality In people death divided by cases of a disease raised by a power of 10 In teeth missing teeth divided by total decays, missing and filled teeth (DMF) death Cases of a disease 10

Dental health education

Definition: Provision of heath information to people in such a way that they apply it in everyday living. i.e. translation of knowledge into action.

Objectives of dental heath education: 1. To develop desirable dental health attitudes and habits. 2. To influence dental health attitudes and habits of future generations. 3. To teach reliable dental heath information.

Dental heath education involves 3 main processes:

1- Motivation process: It is the role of dental heath professional to create an environment where the patient becomes self-motivated. (Nature of the disease, causes of the disease, importance of oral heath).

2- Communication process: Transferring information from one person to  Another person  A group of persons  Or, to community.

It consists of 4 parts: 1- Source which sends the message. 2- The message transmitted by source to receiver. 3- The channel through which the message is transmitted from source to receiver.  One way channel when message is sent from source to receiver with no feedback.  Two way channel when the receiver responds to the message. 4- The receiver either individual or group or population.

Communication could be done in 2 ways: A- Verbal way: Spoken or written words. B- Non verbal way: Facial expressions and body movements. i.e. tapes to teach toothbrushing

3- Learning process: STEPS: 1-Unawareness: Individual may have  Incomplete information  Inaccurate information (very difficult to change). 2- Awareness: Individual obtains correct information.

3- Self interest: By motivation. 4- Attitude: When individual is aware and self interested. 5- Belief: By repetition. 6- Commitment: When his behavior becomes a part of his daily life. 7- Action: When the change becomes permanent.

Types of learning: 1- cognitive learning: Includes knowledge about heath and disease. 2- Motor learning: To develop physical skills necessary to preserve oral heath e.g. teaching tooth brushing and flossing. 3- Affective learning: To develop positive attitude towards oral heath.

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