Memory as Reconstruction

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Presentation transcript:

Memory as Reconstruction by Melisa and Veronika

Ｗｈａｔｉｓｉｔ？ Reconstruction – creating a whole from partial information Ｗｈａｔ　ｉｓ　ｉｔ？ Reconstruction – creating a whole from partial information Perception closely linked to memory Cues retrieval Remember the outline = crucial elements and fill in the rest Semantic memory stores meaning, not the original words It is inevitable to use reconstruction

Fredrick Bartlett　(1932) His idea was that all recall involves reconstruction as well as retrieval Worked with the story “War of the Ghosts”

“War of the Ghosts” Story Read Aloud Recreate Gossip How it changed: Reproduction 1 Story Read Aloud Reproduction 4 Reproduction 3 Reproduction 2 How it changed: Shorter (shrank from 330 to 180 words) More Coherent (remained a story, no matter how distorted) More Conventional More Clichéd (peculiar interpretations were dropped) Recreate Gossip

How it changed: Shorter ( shrank from 330 to 180 words) More Coherent (remained a story, no matter how distorted) More Conventional More Clichéd (peculiar interpretations were dropped)

Schemas and Reconstruction Provide ready made expectation Help make the world predictable Help fill in the gaps Significant distortions in memory existing schemata conflicts with new information

Allport & Postman (1947)

Allport & Postman (1947) Participants asked to describe the picture to someone who hadn’t seen it. Details changed as description was passed Mainly razor was held by a black, instead of white man

Brewer & Treyens (1981) 35 seconds in an office 30 subjects Office schema affected their recollection Expected items were recalled ( i.e., Desk) Unexpected items where not (i.e., set of pliers) Some falsely recalled expected objects (i.e., books)

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