CPET 565 Mobile Computing Systems Lecture 2 Introduction to Wireless Communication and Networking (2) Hongli Luo Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Wireless Networking WAN : Wide Area Network WAN : Wide Area Network MAN: Metro Area Network MAN: Metro Area Network LAN: Local Area Network LAN: Local Area Network PAN: Personal Area Network PAN: Personal Area Network

Wireless Networking Technologies Satellite (WAN) Satellite (WAN) Microwave (MAN) Microwave (MAN) WiMax - Broadband Wireless (MAN) WiMax - Broadband Wireless (MAN) standard standard Cellular (WAN) Cellular (WAN) Wireless LANs (WLAN) – Wi-Fi Wireless LANs (WLAN) – Wi-Fi standards standards Bluetooth (Wireless PAN) Bluetooth (Wireless PAN) IrDA (Infrared Data Association) IrDA (Infrared Data Association) Wireless point-to-point PANWireless point-to-point PAN Sensor Network Sensor Network Standard Standard ZigBee – a protocol for sensor networkZigBee – a protocol for sensor network

Bluetooth: Goals Personal area networks operate over small areas within rooms and buildings Personal area networks operate over small areas within rooms and buildings Provide small, low-cost, low-powered, short-ranged communications Provide small, low-cost, low-powered, short-ranged communications Low speeds of less than 1 Mbps over distance of up to 10 meters (32.8 feet). Low speeds of less than 1 Mbps over distance of up to 10 meters (32.8 feet). Personal (short-range) ad-hoc networks Personal (short-range) ad-hoc networks Device communication and cooperation Device communication and cooperation Provide wireless communication between computers and peripherals, supports wireless peripherals for mobile handsets Provide wireless communication between computers and peripherals, supports wireless peripherals for mobile handsets Communication between PDA and computer, between cell phones and computerCommunication between PDA and computer, between cell phones and computer wireless keyboard, mouse, headsetswireless keyboard, mouse, headsets Not really intended as a wireless LAN technology, but it’s being used as such Not really intended as a wireless LAN technology, but it’s being used as such

RFID Radio Frequency Identification Radio Frequency Identification A non-line-of sight wireless technology used to control, detect and track objects A non-line-of sight wireless technology used to control, detect and track objects RFID systems composed of RFID systems composed of Readers, or interrogatorsReaders, or interrogators Tags, or transponders with integrated antennas on chipsTags, or transponders with integrated antennas on chips

RFID Transponders Transponders Active transponders – have batteries, more costlyActive transponders – have batteries, more costly Passive transpondersPassive transponders no battery, the size of a dime, no battery, the size of a dime, require an external source to provoke signal transmission require an external source to provoke signal transmission Transponders have unique codes, identifiers either present at the factory or user set Transponders have unique codes, identifiers either present at the factory or user set Readers broadcast radio signals to detect transponders, collect identifying codes, and transmit them to database Readers broadcast radio signals to detect transponders, collect identifying codes, and transmit them to database

RFID applications Retailing – track inventory levels Retailing – track inventory levels Agriculture Agriculture Transportation – automate toll collection with readers at tollbooths Transportation – automate toll collection with readers at tollbooths Healthcare - track assets Healthcare - track assets Security – RFID chips on new passports Security – RFID chips on new passports

Wireless sensor node Low-power processor. Low-power processor. Limited processing. Memory. Memory. Limited storage. Radio. Radio. Low-power. Low data rate. Limited range. Sensors. Sensors. Scalar sensors: temperature, light, etc. Cameras, microphones. Power. Power. Batteries or passive power source Sensors Processor Radio Storage POWERPOWER WSN device schematics

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) WSN consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants WSN consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants Sensor networks – Standard Sensor networks – Standard Protocol for sensor network - Zigbee Protocol for sensor network - Zigbee Applications Applications Military applicationsMilitary applications Tracking, detection of biological or chemical weapons, improved battlefield communications Tracking, detection of biological or chemical weapons, improved battlefield communications Medical applicationsMedical applications Industrial applicationsIndustrial applications Tracking, RFID tags Tracking, RFID tags Environmental applicationsEnvironmental applications Environment monitoring, wildlife monitoring Environment monitoring, wildlife monitoring

Examples of WSN Platforms PC-104+ (off-the-shelf) UCLA TAG (Girod) UCB Mote (Pister/Culler)

Mobile Networking Infrastructures Wireless Mobile Networking: An Introduction Wireless Mobile Networking: An Introduction Infrastructure Network TopologyInfrastructure Network Topology Ad Hoc Network TopologyAd Hoc Network Topology

Wireless Mobile Networking Infrastructure Network Topology Infrastructure Network Topology Fixed infrastructure with Wide Area Network coverageFixed infrastructure with Wide Area Network coverage Mobile ↔ Mobile devicesMobile ↔ Mobile devices Mobile ↔ Fixed Computer NodeMobile ↔ Fixed Computer Node Mobile device ↔ ServersMobile device ↔ Servers

Wireless Mobile Networking (cont.) Infrastructure Network Topology (WAN Access) Infrastructure Network Topology (WAN Access) Fiber-to-the-House, Cable Modem, DSL, Dial-upFiber-to-the-House, Cable Modem, DSL, Dial-up Wireless Access Points/RoutersWireless Access Points/Routers Wired RoutersWired Routers LAN, WLAN, WiMAXLAN, WLAN, WiMAX

Wireless Mobile Networking (cont.) Ad Hoc Network Topology Ad Hoc Network Topology Single-Hop Peer-to- PeerSingle-Hop Peer-to- Peer Multi-hop Ad Hoc NetworkMulti-hop Ad Hoc Network Without access Without accesspoint

Wireless Mobile Networking (cont.) Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) Routing Protocols Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) Routing Protocols RFC2501, RFC3561, RFC3626RFC2501, RFC3561, RFC3626 RFC3684RFC3684 MANET Charter, MANET Charter, MANET Internet Drafts, MANET Internet Drafts, National Institute of Standards, MANET Projects, National Institute of Standards, MANET Projects, OPNET – MANET Discrete Event Simulation, OPNET – MANET Discrete Event Simulation,