©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 4 Using Running Records to Look at Social Development “When we look at what the child cannot do, we fail to see all the child can do.”

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. RUNNING RECORDS Same writing technique as Anecdotal Records Detailed account of what is observed: who, what, where, when EXCEPT this is a sample or a specimen, so it is not an event but just an observation of 5−10 minutes of ordinary behavior with all details included

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Uses of Running Records Advantages Details a segment of normal behavior Open method, including details Indicators of many areas of development Disadvantages Child may feel “ watched ” and change behavior Segment may not show normal behavior Adult’s attention is focused on writing

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. TOPICS IN OBSERVATION The Stew “ The Stew ” Story Meaning

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. What to Do with It File in child’s portfolio/folder Use for planning and individualizing curriculum Share with child and family Use to document child’s normal (or unusual) behavior

LOOKING AT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Play’s place in: Social development Social competence and school readiness –Skills learned in play help in school success Play as the foundation of social studies –Self-identity –How other people live, think –Rules for harmonious interactions ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Theories of Social Development and Implications on Early Childhood Practice Erikson – Eight stages of man Piaget – Cognitive theory and social conventional Behaviorists – Learned behavior Maslow – Hierarchy of needs Vygotsky - Peer relationships

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Play’s Place in Development Physical – Muscle practice, coordination Emotional – Replay life experiences, outlet for feelings Creative – Experimentation, imagination Intellectual – Classification, problem solving Language – Vocabulary, humor, function in social situations Social – Sharing, negotiating, gender roles

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Levels of Involvement in Play Onlooker – watching others play Solitary – Alone, occupied with play Parallel – Alongside another Associative – Related play theme Cooperative – Sharing materials and sustaining play theme

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Stages of Social Development The need for a selfless society

Observing Infants and Toddlers in Social Play Expanding social world from family to others Physical play with objects Mostly solitary, not ready for sharing and negotiation (egocentric) Beginnings of linguistic and dramatic play ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

HELPING ALL CHILDREN WITH SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Children with Special Needs –Adaptations Environment Social facilitation Activities –Children with Autism Culture and Social Interactions Helping Professionals

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Standards Related to Social Development Head Start Performance Standards (3, I, D) Encourage respect for others.