1.Describe how inverted topography occurs. ANS: A material which is resistant to weathering, such as igneous basalt in a lava flow, is laid down at the lowest part of a landscape, such as a valley. Over the eons, the rock around it which is composed of sedimentary rock, weathers and is eroded away. This rock is far more susceptible to the weathering agents of wind and water. Eventually, the igneous rock is the highest part of the topography, as all the sedimentary rock around it has been carried away. 2.What is the difference between active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? ANS: active volcanoes are currently erupting, dormant volcanoes are not, but do have the potential to erupt, and extinct volcanoes can no longer erupt, because they have moved off the geological hot spot.

3.Which type of volcano has the most viscous magma, and is therefore more explosive in nature? ANS: stratovolcano; composite volcano 4.Identify the type of volcano in this image, given that it is composed mostly of volcanic ash, and grows and weathers very quickly. ANS: Cinder cone volcano 5.What name is given to a windstorm with sustained winds that are sufficient to suspend sand, silt and clay particles for a long period of time? ANS: Haboob

Use the following list, and match them to their correct definition/description below. Just use T, M, or L please. Some may have multiple answers, and some may be used more than once. Terminal MoraineMedial MoraineLateral Moraine 6. A layer of till which marks the side edges of a glacier ANS: L 7. Created by till ANS: T; M; L 8. Marks the forward most movement of a glacier. ANS: T 9. Can be composed of anything from erratics, to glacial flour. ANS: T; M; L 10. Come together to make a medial moraine. ANS: L 11. Is created when two separate glaciers merge. ANS: M

Use the following images, labeled A-E to answer questions Very likely the oldest river. 13. Area of greatest erosion 14. Oxbow formation 15. The newest river 16. The area of greatest deposition 17. The natural barriers which serve to border a river are known as ANS: a levee AB C D E ANS: D ANS: A ANS: C ANS: E ANS: B

Use the following list, and find the geological feature/item it would most likely be associated with. Just use the first letter!!! DeflationErratic Igneous Dike Alluvium Chemical Weathering Mechanical Weathering 18. Kaolinite 19. River sediment 20. Inverted topography 21. Root pry 22. Loess 23. Glacier 24. Decomposition 25. Ice wedging 26. Abrasion 27. Oasis ANS: CW ANS: A ANS: ID ANS: MW ANS: D ANS: E ANS: CW ANS: MW ANS: D

28. This can be an agent of both chemical and mechanical weathering. ANS: Water 29. Which of the following pairs does not belong together? Alluvium; Wind deposit Delta; River Deposit Hoodoo; Erosion Slump; Mass wasting 30. This special deposit occurs when rivers enter the ocean, where the sediment builds up and eventually forms land susceptible to hurricanes. ANS: a delta

31. These river deposits are extremely fertile, and are why river valleys are often the backbone of the agricultural industry. ANS: Alluvium 32. The slowest form of mass-wasting, resembling stair steps on a grassy surface. ANS: Soil Creep 33. What other type of deposit, which is wind-blown, makes for a very fertile topsoil? ANS: loess 34. When granite is exposed to extreme temperatures for long periods of time, and large pieces of it break off and slide away, what type of mechanical weathering has occurred? ANS: Exfoliation

35. When the load of a river is carried into a depression, and forms this triangular shape, this has formed… ANS: Alluvial fans 36. When glacial load, or all the sediment carried by glaciers, scrapes and scratches a surface smooth, this has happened. ANS: Glacial polish 37. When these are deposited by glaciers, the look entirely out of place, like they don’t belong. ANS: Glacial erratics 38. This unsorted sediment in glaciers can build up along the edges forming moraines. ANS: Till

39. When water combines chemically with the feldspar in granite, and kaolinite is formed, the process is known as… ANS: hydration 40. Hoodoos and natural bridges can form from both wind and water erosion, due to a weathering process that carries small jagged particles against the surface. This is known as… ANS: Abrasion 41. Of the three soil peds (particles), clay, sand, and silt…which is the smallest by far? ANS: clay 43. From this image of a sand dune, in which direction is the dune most likely to move? ANS: East Windward Leeward