Chapter 19.2 Britain Leads the Way

Focus Q: Feb. 25 What country do you think the industrial revolution began in? How do you think factory made goods impacted people? Women? How do you think the industrial revolution impacted the way people traveled?

Focus Q: Feb. 25 Make a flow chart using the following: some things may happen at the same time. Prices fallfarm workers lose jobs Food surpluscities grow Tech. improvespopulation grows Agricultural Rev. more workers for factories

Focus Q answers Make a flow chart using the following: 4 Prices fall5 farm workers lose jobs 3 Food surplus6 cities grow 1 Tech. improves4 population grows 2 Agricultural Rev.7 more workers for factories

What you’ll learn….. 1.The industrial revolution begins in Britain in the textile industry. 2.Transportation improves b/c of canals, turnpikes, and railroads.

This is important because….society changes forever. 1.Urbanization 2.Pace and schedule of the work world 3.Transportation, communication speed up 4.Wealth and poverty: uneven distribution of wealth

Population Growth : 1 factor in the start of the Industrial Revolution 1.Better agricultural practices 2.More food 3.Higher population 4.Farmers are homeless, jobless. Go to cities 5.City populations grow 6.Large supply of labor for mining, industry

Why Britain? Natural Resources 1.Natural ports, navigable rivers Supply water power for factories Construction of canals 2.Easy access to the sea Communication, transportation 3.Lots of coal, iron Build machines, factories

Britain’s Rivers What river is London on?

Coalfields & Industrial Areas Coalfields & Industrial Areas

English Canals

Why Britain? The effects of Demand and Capital 1.Demand for goods increases 2.Capital ($)—money to invest in businesses ***slave trade (1600s, 1700s) brought in much investment capital** 3.Businessmen willing to risk $, b/c of strong economy shipping, RR’s, factories, mining

Why Britain? 4.Stable govt that supports econ. growth  No river tolls, other barriers  Strong navy to protect itself, trade

Textile Industry is 1 st s—cotton cloth became popular **Britain's 1 st factories are in textile industry**

Textile Industry is 1 st ***Putting-out system: 1.method of making cloth in individual homes*** 2.Raw cotton given to peasant families, they spin it into tread and then cloth 3.Very slow process

Inventions Speed Textile Production Ways to make thread faster 1.Flying shuttle (1733)—makes cloth 2.spinning jenny (1764)—spun many threads at the same time 3.water frame (1769)—powered by water

John Kay’s Flying Shuttle 1773

James Hargreaves spinning jenny—makes many threads at once.

Richard Arkwright: “Pioneer of the Factory System” The “Water Frame”

Inventions Speed Textile Production 1.America struggled to produce enough cotton 2.**Eli Whitney (1793)—cotton gin—remove seeds from cotton faster** Clean 50 lbs. of cotton per day 3.New machines doom putting-out system 4.Solidifies slavery in America

Early Cotton Gin

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Factories Born in Britain 1.Machines were too large for homes 2.At 1 st, large sheds housed machines— later factories 3.Early factories located on rivers— harness water 4.Later factories powered by steam engines

Transportation Revolution Production increased, needed to move goods faster—so people invested in…. 1.**Turnpikes—private roads, travelers charged a fee (toll) to use turnpikes** Turnpikes soon link all parts of Britain 2.Canals: connect rivers, link inland towns to port cities, 3.Stronger bridges built, harbors upgraded

Canal Boom (late 1700s, early 1800s) Factories need raw materials—coal, cotton—and get finished goods to market Bridgewater Canal— 2.Makes profit from tolls, cuts cost of coal 50% in Manchester 3.Canal building boom follows 4.Many won’t make a profit 5.RR’s take over in the 1830s

Bridgewater Canal

Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

RR’s—Steam Locomotive 1.**Steam power and the steam locomotive makes RR’s possible** 2.**RR’s better than canals—don’t have to follow the course of a river/canal** 3.1 st major rail line: Liverpool to Manchester— By 1870, RR’s cross BR, Europe, and North America

Steam Ship

Steam Tractor

An Early Steam Locomotive

The Impact of the Railroad

A Chain Reaction 1.Machines make stuff more efficiently 2.Prices fall 3.Creates more consumers who can afford to buy factory made stuff 4.Which creates more demand for stuff

A Chain Reaction Machines make stuff more efficiently Prices fall Which creates more demand for stuff Creates more consumers who can afford to buy factory made stuff

19.2 creative side  Make a T-chart listing 4 causes and 4 effects of the Industrial Revolution.  Then draw a PICTURE that shows ONE cause of the Ind. Rev. and its effect.