First BIRN Cognitive Challenge Group Boston All-Hands Meeting October 12, 2004

To develop tasks that test for regional brain dysfunctions related to the progression and treatment of schizophrenia.

Outline 1.Challenge Tasks used for Human Phantom Studies 2.Revised Designs and Results 3.New Candidate Designs and Results

Tasks –Temporal Lobe / Auditory Processing Mismatch Task –Prefrontal Cortex / Executive Function Sternberg Memory Scanning Task

Control condition - 1 tone only (either 1,000 or 1,200 HZ) Mismatch condition - Standard Tone 1,000 Hz (95%), Deviant tones 1,200 Hz, (5%). Tones ms duration, 300 ms ISI, unattended (visual distracter task). MISMATCH PARADIGM Run 1: 8 min Run 2: 8 min. R MC 1k M R C 1.2k M R R R R R R R M R M M R C 1k M R R R R R R R M Visual Distracter Task on during all epochs Control 1k Control 1.2k Mismatch

MISMATCH PARADIGM Contrast of Mixed vs. ControlMixed Blocks

Learn -***- 3t A 1t 5t 3t A 5t 1t EncodeDelay14 probes 2.7”37.8” Sample Run…… (total time = sec)     Arrows 37.8” fix Prompt 2” Learn ***** (13.5 or 8.1 or 2.7”) 8.1” 2.7” 5t 3t 1t Learn --*-- fix

dlPFC ROIs

Encode Timing

Probe Timing

Revised Designs 1.Revised SIRP 2.Auditory Oddball

Learn 3t 1t 5t 3t 5t 1t Encode14 probes at end” Sample Run…… (total time = 360”, including DDAs) Order of WM blocks randomized * 5 * 4 * * 9 * * Prompt 1.5” +.5” Learn 5t 3t 1t + + +… Learn fix 6” 2.7” each, 1.1 appearance, 1.6 jitter, minimum pre.300, response time for each probe =~1.5s Average 12”, minimum 4”, max 20”, multiple of 2’’, randomized total fix time = 78” = 46”q block 2 each WM load 6 blocks = 276” DDAs (6sec) fix(14s)fix

Revised SIRP

Auditory Oddball Duke-UNC 4T U Minn 3T

Auditory Oddball

Candidate Dual-Task Designs 1.Oddball + MisMatch 2.SIRP + MisMatch

Rest Oddball Fixation 30 sec Auditory tones: p(1000 Hz) = 0.9, p(1200 Hz) = ms ISI, 100 ms duration Visual stimuli: block lengths = 30sec, ISI = 2000 ms 15 sec of fixation at beginning and end of run Repeat Dual Visual Oddball and Auditory Mismatch … … …

Two subjects acquired at 4.0 Tesla with TR = 1.5 sec Response evoked by Auditory Deviants

Oddball Blocks activate IPS and FFG Individual Subject with 4 task runs collected at 4.0 T with 1.5 sec TR

P ASV TGZR Rest Set Size 5Set Size 2 ****** ******** * 1 * 7 * ****** ******** A G T Y H Fixation 18 sec Auditory tones: p(1000 Hz) = 0.9, p(1200 Hz) = ms ISI, 100 ms duration Visual stimuli: block lengths = 18 sec, ISI = 2000 ms 9 sec of fixation at beginning and end of run Repeat Dual Visual Sternberg and Auditory Mismatch

Reaction Time by Run for In-Set Probes Run

Deviant vs. Standard

Numbers vs. Rest (2 Item Memory Load)

Letters vs. Rest (5 Item Memory Load)

Letters vs. Numbers (5 vs. 2 Item Memory Loads)

5 vs. 3 FFG IPS MFG

Task Cycle for Intraparietal Sulcus Five Items Load Two Items Load

Task Cycle for Fusiform Gyrus Five Items Load Two Items Load

Load 5 vs. 3

Summary of Analysis of Memory Scanning Task Robust activation of dlPFC and Parietal regions (the usual suspects) Similar patterns of activation for both 2 and 5 memory loads Differential load-related activation in FFG and IPS (primarily in left hemisphere – content specificity?) Differential load-related activation in dlPFC

Proposed New Task 1.Emotional Distracter Task

... Emotional Distracter Task

Emotional Distracter

MFG IPS SMG PCG Emotional Distracter Task

-0.10% -0.05% 0.00% 0.05% 0.10% 0.15% 0.20% Emotional novel Neutral novel Target -0.10% -0.05% 0.00% 0.05% 0.10% 0.15% 0.20% Emotional novel Neutral novel Target Posterior IFG ACG FFG AMG Emotional Distracter Task

Anterior MFG Posterior IFG Emotional Distractor Task