Slid 1 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 1 Nuclear Physics in North America Beihang University Bradley M. Sherrill Michigan State University

Slid 2 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 2 Nuclear Science in North America Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (LHC involvement ) – deconfined quarks and gluons, nucleon spin CEBAF at Jefferson Laboratory (small Fermilab program using the main injector) – structure of mesons, nature of confinement TRIUMF, FRIB Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (much more on the associated facilities) – nuclei Symmetries program (Underground Laboratory, NIST, Spallation Neutron Source) QCD Phenomena Nucleon Structure Nuclear Structure Fundamental Symmetries Nuclear Astrophysics Science is based on four types of facilities and corresponding theory

Slid 3 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 3 Status for Major Centers and Theory RHIC is Operational JLAB is about to end 6 GeV operations, 12 GeV project is underway FRIB is on tract to start construction in May-June 2012 with completion by 2020; precursor NSCL is operational TRIUMF is operational ATLAS at ANL is operational as are a number of other facilities at national labs and universities (more about this) HRIBF will cease operations Theory –Institute for Nuclear Theory at University of Washington –Several multi-institute theory collaborations supported –Computational initiatives supported by SCIDAC –Recognized as important component of the field

Slid 4 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 4 Rare Isotope Facilities in North America Notre Dame University – in-flight light ions Florida State RESOLUTE – in-flight light and mid-mass ions Texas A&M Upgrade – ISOL, Gas Catcher, in-flight, accelerated to 50 MeV/u ANL CARIBU – Cf fission source, in-flight light and mid-mass ions ORNL HRIBF – ISOL production by 40 MeV light ions; fission fragments NSCL – 100 MeV/u in-flight ions TRIUMF ISAC I and II, ARIEL – megawatt class photo fission source, ISOL beams to 8 MeV/u FRIB – 400 kW, 200 MeV/u in-flight separation, gas stopping, reacceleration to 9 MeV/u (goal is 20 MeV/u

Slid 5 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 5 Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, FRIB Michigan State University Campus

Brad Sherrill – Fermilab October 2011, Slide 6 US Community’s Major New Initiative – Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Laboratory Director Konrad Gelbke, Project Director Thomas Glasmacher Estimate of TPC $614.5M Project completion in 2020, early completion in 2018 (CD2/3A Review in April 2012) Key features (unique) 400 kW heavy ion beams Gas catcher Stopped and reaccelerated, separated beams Space for Reaccelerated beams, uranium to 12 (15) MeV/u Isotope harvesting FRIB

Slid 7 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 7 FRIB Facility Layout

Brad Sherrill – Fermilab October 2011, Slide 8 FRIB Driver Linear Accelerator β=0.04β = 0.08β = 0.29β = 0.53 Superconducting RF cavities 4 types ≈ 350 total E peak ≈ MV/m

Slid 9 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 9 What New Nuclides Will the Next Generation Facilities Produce? FRIB will produce more than 1000 NEW isotopes at useful rates (4500 available for study; compared to 1700 now) Theory is key to making the right measurements Exciting prospects for study of nuclei along the drip line to mass 120 (compared to 24) Production of most of the key nuclei for astrophysical modeling Harvesting of unusual isotopes for a wide range of applications Rates are available at

Slid 10 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 10 Overview FRIB Reaccelerators, and Experimental Stations Fast, stopped, and reaccelerated beam capabilities ReA12 experimental hall is ready for occupancy in (October 2011) ReA3 (3-6 MeV/u) is under construction – commissioning in 2012 MSU is moving forward with ReA6 (6-9 MeV/u); goal is ReA12 30 meters

Brad Sherrill – Fermilab October 2011, Slide 11 Science-driven Upgrade Options Remain Energy upgrade to ≥ 400 MeV/u for all ions (high performance λ/2 cryomodules) ISOL targets 3 He, 400 MeV/u Multiuser capability with light ion injector Light ion injector upgrade 3 He +, 195 MeV/u Experimental Area double space if science needs it

Brad Sherrill – Fermilab October 2011, Slide 12 Potential users register as members of the independent FRIB Users Organization, FRIBUO –Chartered organization with an elected executive committee (Chair is Michael Smith, ORNL; members – Aprahamian, Blackmon, Casten, Gade, Macchiavelli, Savard, Wiedenhoever, Wuosmaa) –15 January 2010 began registration –16 August had 870 members (51 countries) ; we anticipate 1500 closer to CD4 –The FRIBUO has 21 equipment working groups NSCL and FRIB Users organizations are in the process of merging FRIB Theory Organization will merge with the FRIBUO FRIB Users Organization Feb 2010 FRIB equipment workshop

Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide Working Groups Data Acquisition and Analysis (including digital data acq) Radioactive Decay Station (alpha, beta, gamma, and electron counting) Detectors for EoS physics Gas filled heavy element separator (BGS or RITU-like) GRETINA/GRETA/ Digital Gammasphere High Efficiency Spectrometer [ISLA or Vamos- like] Isotopes and Applications Gas Jet Target Laser spectroscopy MoNA-Lisa Low Energy Neutron Detection (3He, plastic, liq.scint) Super Scintillator Arrays (new high resolution materials, high energy gammas) SECAR astrophysics mass separator Silicon Array(s) (current and future) Helios-like solenoid for inverse kinematics reactions High Resolution Spectrometer Target Laboratory for thin films and windows... special radioactive sources etc. New technologies in detectors and electronics Time Projection Chamber /Active target Penning, Paul and MOT Traps Theory group Notes: (1) New ideas may change or replace items on this list. (2) Equipment as much as practical may be moveable to maximize its scientific benefit. (3) Red are already in process

Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 14 Rare Isotope Beam Production – Coupled Cyclotron Facility, CCF A1900 Morrissey et al., NIM B 204, 90 (2003) K500 K1200 A1900 ECR ion sources A1900 Parameters  p/p ~5% max B  = 6.0 Tm max 8 msr solid angle 35 m in length CCF Parameters 90 to 200 MeV/u 1 pnA 238 U 80 pnA 48 Ca

Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 15 Exotic Beams Produced at NSCL More than 1000 RIBs have been made – more than 830 RIBs have been used in experiments 12 Hours for a primary beam change; 3 to 12 hours for a secondary beam

Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 16 G. Ball

Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide Pb 132 Sn 78 Ni Evolution of shell structure: towards the r process path Halo nuclei and neutron skin 10 μA of 500 MeV protons on 238 U (22 g/cm 2 ) Fundamental Symmetries Radon EDM, Fr PNC Initial tests completed in Aug 2008, now running 1 pmicroA G. Ball

Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 18 Present status of the Ariel Project 50 MeV, 500 kW superconducting e-linac funded requires matching funding from BC province for buildings (funded) second proton beamline deferred until next 5YP G. Ball

Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide Sn 78 Ni Evolution of shell structure: towards the r process path Photo-fission of 238 U (7 g/cm 2 ) 10 mA, 50 MeV electrons on Hg converter High yields and fewer isobaric contaminants G. Ball

Slid 20 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 20 CARIBU ATLAS Energy Upgrade HELIOS  Acceleration of fission fragments from 252 Cf spontaneous fission  Physics with beams from CARIBU (1 & 2 nucleon transfer reactions) needs the new energy regime opened by the Energy Upgrade (12 MeV/u).  HELIOS Solenoid Spectrometer greatly expands the effectiveness of both the fission fragment beams and the existing in-flight RIB program at these higher energies. ATLAS at Argonne National Laboratory: CARIBU & Energy Upgrade CARIBU upgrade R. Janssens

Slid 21 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 21 CARIBU CARIBU Plan: Spring 2010: 2 mCi source  tests & yields studies Summer-Fall 2011: 100 mCi source  1 st test expts. After 2011: 1 Ci source  Full research program CARIBU upgrade R. Janssens

Slid 22 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 22 CARIBU: Main Science Focus  Shell structure with single- nucleon transfer  Pair correlations with transfer of nucleon pairs  Collective modes with Coulomb Excitation and decay studies  Mass measurements  Decay studies of trapped atoms R. Janssens

Slid 23 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 23 RESOLUT: a new radioactive beam facility at FSU In-flight production of radioactive beams in inverse kinematics Combination of Superconducting RF-Resonator with high acceptance magnetic Spectrograph to create mass spectrometer 7 Be elastic scattering Structure of 25 Al for nuclear astrophysics RF-Resonator Magnetic Spectrograph Target Position Solenoid 1 I. Wiedenhover

Slid 24 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 24 T-REX [TAMU Reaccelerated Exotics] R. Tribble

(p,n)Max. EnergyIntensity ProductMeV/Aparticles/s 27 Si576 x Mn452 x Co456 x Ga454 x Tc354 x In284 x In283 x In266 x 10 4 Projected Beam Intensities from LIG after K500 Assuming 14  A beam, realistic LIG, CBECR, transport and K500 extraction efficiencies R. Tribble

Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 26 Examples of reaccelerated beams produced in DIC: t 1/2 >100ms Calculation by G. Souliotis R. Tribble

Slid 27 Brad Sherrill Beihang University November 2011, Slide 27 Summary Main North American facilities FRIB and ISOL facilities at TRIUMF will allow production of a wide range of new isotopes –Many opportunities for collaboration at FRIB –Development can take place at existing facilities now –New accelerator physics program with opportunities Other facilities play a key role in cost effective development of programs and techniques, e.g., ANC method developed at Texas A&M and resonance methods being developed at FSU Rare isotopes fit in the broader US nuclear science program that includes QCD, nucleon, nuclei, nuclear astrophysics, and symmetries tests