How can one produce rare isotopes? Question Slid 3 Hendrik Schatz NNPSS 2012, Slide 3 Rare Isotope Production Techniques: Uniqueness of FRIB Target spallation.

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Presentation transcript:

How can one produce rare isotopes? Question

Slid 3 Hendrik Schatz NNPSS 2012, Slide 3 Rare Isotope Production Techniques: Uniqueness of FRIB Target spallation and fragmentation by light ions ( ISOLDE/HRIBF/TRIUMF ) Neutron induced fission (2-step target) ( SPIRAL2/TRIUMF ) In-flight Separation following projectile fragmentation/fission ( RIKEN,FAIR,FRIB ) beam target beam target Target/Ion Source Accelerator Neutrons/Photons Accelerator Fragment Separator Beam Gas cell catcher/ion source Beams used without stopping Accelerator

Hendrik Schatz, NNPSS 2012 Slide 4 Photo fission yields

Slid 5 Hendrik Schatz NNPSS 2012, Slide 5 Rare Isotope Facilities Around the World NSCL/FRIB Notre Dame ATLAS TEXAS A&M TRIUMF Sao Paulo HRIBF Catania GANIL ISOLDE GSI/FAIR Jyvaeskyla Louvain Kolkata Lanzhou Dubna Tokyo RIKEN/RIBF Legnaro KORIA

Hendrik Schatz, NNPSS 2012 Slide 6 Timelines for major facilities Rare Isotope Assessment Committee, NRC/NAS study 2006

Final Civil Design A. Presenter, FRIB Project Overview, Date, Slide 7

Rendered Perspective Southeast View Sherrill NN2012, Slide 8

Civil Construction Moving Forward Civil construction began 3 March 2014 A. Presenter, FRIB Project Overview, Date, Slide 9 Web cams at frib.msu.edu FRIB CONSTRUCTION SITE – JANUARY 2015

FRIB Layout example: nuclear astrophysics experiment, Slide 10 Sherrill NN2012 Target Folding Segment 2 Linac Segment 3 Linac Segment 1 Beam Delivery System Front End Reaccelerator Linac Segment 2 Fast Beam AreaGas StoppingStopped Beam AreaReaccelerated Beam Area Fragment Separator Folding Segment 1 LINAC Target Fragment separator Isotope harvesting Gas Stopping Gas stopped beams: Mass measurements Laser spectroscopy Fast beams: Charge exchange Drip line Knockout, Coulex TOF masses Decay studies ReA3 Reaccelerator ReA3 reaccelerated beams: Astrophysical rates Lighter nuclei transfer Coulex ReA6,9,12 Reaccelerator ReA6-12 reaccelerated beams: High spin Transfer reactions  -spectroscopy

FRIB is estimated to produce more than 1000 NEW isotopes at useful rates (4500 available for study; compared to 1900 now) Exciting prospects for study of nuclei along the drip line to A=120(compared to A=24) Production of most of the key nuclei for astrophysical modeling Theory is key to making the right measurements and interpreting them The Reach of FRIB Rates are available at Sherrill NN2012, Slide 11

Fast beams (>100 MeV/u) –Farthest reach from stability, knockout, Coulomb exictation, nuclear structure, limits of existence, EOS of nuclear matter Stopped beams (0-100 keV) –Precision experiments – masses, moments, atomic structure, symmetries Reaccelerated beams ( MeV/u) –Detailed nuclear structure studies, high-spin studies –Astrophysical reaction rates Fast, Stopped, and Reaccelerated Beams for Broad Science Opportunities Sherrill NN2012, Slide 12

The Reach of FRIB Sherrill NN2012, Slide 13 Estimated Possible: Erler, Birge, Kortelainen, Nazarewicz, Olsen, Stoitsov, to be published Based on a study of EDF parameters Known – isotopes with at least one excited state known Up to Z=90 FRIB will be able to make >80% of all possible isotopes

Why is it called FRIB ??? 1. frib 17 up, 6 down birf spelled backwards 2. frib 4 up, 12 down A word that can be used to describe happiness, joy etc. Commonly replaces 'wow', 'cool' or 'great'.

Coupled Cyclotron Facility since 2001

Fragmentation production of rare isotopes

B  selection separates m/q so for production at fixed velocity v B  ~ m/q

Fragment yield after Br selection

A1900 Fragment Separator

Event by event particle identification Ion Source: 86 Kr beam 86 Kr beam 140 MeV/u Tracking Implant beam in detector and observe decay Time of flight measurement Measure p/q by tracking at dispersive focus Combine with TOF velocity measurement get m/q Energy loss measurement Measure energy loss in Si detector get Z

r-process nuclei Time of flight (m/q) Energy loss in Si (Z) 77Ni 78Ni 75Co 74Co 73Co 78 Ni Doubly Magic ! (  ~20 fb) 11 per week FRIB: 50 per second! 78 Ni Doubly Magic ! (  ~20 fb) 11 per week FRIB: 50 per second! Fast RIB from fragmentation: no decay losses any beam can be produced multiple measurements in one high sensitivity 1:10 14 Fast RIB from fragmentation: no decay losses any beam can be produced multiple measurements in one high sensitivity 1:10 14 Particle Identification