Biotechnology: using living systems to improve human life.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ch. 13.3: Genetically Engineered Organisms
Advertisements

Stem Cells Characteristics They continue to grow and proliferate,
DNA TECHNOLOGY: Part 1 Cloning & Stem Cell Research Nova video.
Genetic Engineering. Tools for Manipulating & Studying DNA  Restriction enzymes  Used to cut DNA where needed  PCR  Used to make multiple copies of.
Stem Cell Notes IB Biology HL 1 Mrs. Peters Fall 2014.
Stem Cells!. Please have the cell differentiation ws out.
Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineers can alter the DNA code of living organisms. Selective Breeding Recombinant DNA Transgenic Organisms Cloning Selective.
Human Development starts with just 1 cell – the fertilized egg. This cell divides to produce 2 ‘daughter cells’. These daughters divide, and their daughters.
Cloning. The first human being has been cloned! What would be your view on this if it happened?
MODERN GENETICS. What is Cloning?  Making an exact genetic copy of a cell, organ or an organism  This process uses SOMATIC CELLS (non-sex cells) instead.
Biotechnology Techniques How to make Recombinant DNA Gel Electrophoresis PCR Summarize: What is this technique? Draw and label a diagram to show this technique.
Stem Cell Notes IB Biology HL 1 Mrs. Peters Winter 2014.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid. History: 1. Theory of Evolution: 1859; Darwin.
Chapter 13: Genetic Technology Gel Electrophoresis—Creates a DNA fingerprint Uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites DNA fragments are then.
CELL TECHNOLOGY Stem Cells Definition
What are In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Screening? In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) – Sperm and egg united in a petri dish, followed by implantation of.
Instructor: Dr. Shahzad A. Mufti Advisor Department of Biosciences Cloning, Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Research.
Biotechnology & Genethics. What can we do with Biotechnology? Genetic Screening & testing In vitro fertilization Gene therapy & new treatments Cloning.
4.4: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Cloning: producing identical copies of genes, cells or organisms. Clone: a group of genetically identical organisms.
Human Genome Project, Gene Therapy & Cloning. Human Genome Project –Genomics – the study of complete sets of genes –Begun in 1990, the Human Genome Project.
Stem Cells, Cloning, Genetically Modified Organisms and Gene Therapy…
Objective: Chapter 13- Biotechnology
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING. BIOTECHNOLOGY A new field of science that uses organisms or their products to improve medicine, healthcare, and.
Ethics of Biotechnology. CLONING What is CLONING? Creating new and identical organisms using biotechnology.
LEQ: WHAT IS CLONING AND HOW IS IT DONE? to
Cloning What is a clone? An exact genetic copy. Offspring are produced asexually.
Cell Specialization Remember..... All living things are made of cells!!! Cells can specialize into different cell types Cells  tissues  organs These.
Introducing stem cells. A life story… Stem Cell – Definition A cell that has the ability to.
Stem Cells Science in the News Adapted by your teacher Ms. Boehm.
Human Cloning. Introduction Cloning- the process of making an identical organism through nonsexual means Cloning- the process of making an identical organism.
Chapter 20: Terms to Know Genetic engineering Biotechnology
Cloning What is a clone? An exact genetic copy. Offspring are produced asexually.
4.3-Reproductive Strategies & Technologies
Stage 1 Biology Semester Biotechnology
Dolly 1st experimentally cloned animal.
Biotechnology Notes Unit 3 IN 81
Stem Cells and the Maintenance of Adult Tissues
GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) ORGANISMS Recombinant DNA technology is producing new genetic varieties of plants and animals Use Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium.
Biotechnology Combining Life Science and Technology.
5-2a: Cloning How are mammals cloned?
Biotechnology GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS. GMOs  Genetically Manipulated (Modified) Organisms  Also called transgenic organisms  Organisms whose genetic.
CH. 20 WARM-UP Share 3 things you are grateful for. Use your textbook (Ch. 20) to answer the following review questions. 1. What is recombinant DNA? 2.
Genetic Engineering. Human Genome Project A genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA A genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA Project began in.
Cloning. 3 Possible Methods 1. Use totipotent cells (unspecialized) – Can become any type of human cell – Can be used to generate an entire organism.
Chapter 13. What is genetic engineering? Genetic Engineering = Using knowledge about genetics to create more desirable offspring.
 In vitro fertilization  Cloning (genes, cells or organisms)  Recombinant DNA  Therapeutic cloning  Reproductive cloning  Stem cell  Transgenic.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid. History: 1. Theory of Evolution: 1859; Darwin.
Genetic Engineering. Entire organisms can be cloned  Clone  a genetically identical copy of a gene or of an organism  Cloning occurs in nature:  Bacteria.
CELL DIFFERENTIATION.
Genetic Technology. How is DNA technology used? DNA Technology = creating DNA sequences in a lab to bring together genetic material from multiple sources,
Ch What do I want to be when I grow up??. Development 1 cell changes into different forms ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT: egg Zygote Fertilization of Gametes.
Biotechnology Combining Life Science and Technology.
BIOTECHNOLOGY Gene Sequencing (Human Genome Project) Cloning Stem Cell Research Gene Therapy DNA Fingerprinting (and other Forensics applications)
Human Cloning.
Genetic Engineering.
Chapter 13 Frontiers of Genetics.
Chapter 20: Terms to Know Genetic engineering Biotechnology
Biomedical Therapies Foundation Standard 1: Academic Foundation
The practical use and application of biology.
Controversial Technologies:
CELL DIFFERENTIATION.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Biotechnology.
Biotechnology Genetic Engineering
CLONING Sun Hwa Dong.
Challenges to Biomedical Research- Cloning
Biotechnology Notes Unit 3 IN 81
Presentation transcript:

Biotechnology: using living systems to improve human life

The Latest Biotechnologies

A. GloFish

B. Insect/machine combinations

C. Synthetic Transplants

D. Animal Surrogate Transplants

E. Engineered Plants/Animals

The Genome:

- The totality of DNA base pairs in the cells of a species -exact sequence of DNA bases -All the ACTGs on each chomosome

Sequenced Genomes 1.Human 2.Chimpanzee 3.Rice 4.Malaria parasite 5.E. coli 6.Lab mouse 7.Drosophila melanogaster

National Genome Project -Director: Francis Collins -“blue print” of human body: the “holy grail” -12 year project -Funded by U.S. Government

How it will change our lives: -Gene screening at an early age -Designer drugs -Design babies -Genetic counselors -Genetically modified organisms

Genome is the future of medicine -Pre-treat disease and illness before it manifests itself -Changed our legal system, medical science, understanding evolution

Genetic Engineering: cloning and genetic modification

Genetic Engineering: altering an organisms genes through human activity

Genetically Modified Foods/Organisms -genes from one species placed in another organism (Transgenic) -increased food production -may have adverse environmental effects -possible cures and therapies for humans

Cloning: producing a population of genetically identical cells from a single cell

History of cloning

1953: Watson and Crick-discover the structure of DNA

1978: 1 st child born conceived In Vitro

1984: Dr. Steen Willadsen-clones first sheep from embryonic cells

1997: Ian Wilmut - 1 st mammal cloned from an adult cell nucleus (Dolly)

2005: South Korea: 1 st dogs cloned

3 Types of Cloning

1. DNA cloning: producing exact replicas of segments of DNA

Steps: 1.Desired segment(s) of DNA are cut from original strand. 2.“Pasted” into a bacterial plasmid which replicates itself quickly

2. Reproductive Cloning: creating an animal that has the same DNA as another animal

3. Therapeutic Cloning: the production of human embryos for research – stem cells

Uses of Cloning

1. Stem Cell Benefits -may help cure/solve diseases and disorders Ex. Alzheimer’s, parkinson’s, paralysis, etc.

2. Reproduce animals with special qualities

3. Cloning Endangered Species

4. Resurrecting Extinct Animals

5. Organ Transplants

Stem Cells: undifferentiated cells that can become any type of cell Stem Cells Skin Cells Neuron (nerves) Bone Cell Muscle Cells Cardiac Muscle

Stem Cell Types 1.Adult Stem Cells: limited potential to make other cells Ex. Blood vessels, bone marrow, retina 2.Fetal Tissue Stem Cells: found in fetuses 3 months or younger; great potential; great controversy

Stem Cell Levels 1.Unipotent: can only differentiate into one type of cell (ex. Spermatogonia  Sperm) 2.Multipotent: can differentiate into a few types cells (ex. Bone marrow  Red blood cells, white blood cells) 3.Pluripotent: can differentiate into almost any type of cell (embryonic cell  muscle, bone, skin, nerves) 4.Totipotent: can become any cell type (zygote  any type of cell)