Multimedia Communication Systems Techniques, Standards, and Networks Chapter 4 Distributed Multimedia Systems

Definitions DMS – Distributed Multimedia Systems DMS – Distributed Multimedia Systems An integrated communication, computing and information system that enables the processing, management, delivery, and presentation of synchronized multimedia information that the quality of service guarantees. An integrated communication, computing and information system that enables the processing, management, delivery, and presentation of synchronized multimedia information that the quality of service guarantees. Authoring tool Authoring tool Authoring tool Authoring tool Specialized software which enables the design & assembly of multimedia elements for a multimedia presentation Specialized software which enables the design & assembly of multimedia elements for a multimedia presentation

Distributed Multimedia Applications Interactive television Interactive television Interactive television Interactive television Video on demand, home shopping, video games Video on demand, home shopping, video games Telecooperation Telecooperation Distance learning, telecommuting, videoconferencing Distance learning, telecommuting, videoconferencing Distance learningtelecommuting videoconferencing Distance learningtelecommuting videoconferencing Hypermedia Hypermedia Hypermedia Linked documents, digital library, on-line encyclopedia, ezines, information kiosks Linked documents, digital library, on-line encyclopedia, ezines, information kiosksdigital libraryezinesinformation kiosksdigital libraryezinesinformation kiosks

DMS Features Technology Integration Technology Integration Communication & computing Communication & computing Multimedia integration Multimedia integration Real-time Real-time QoS QoS QoS Interactivity Interactivity Synchronization Synchronization Of various media streams Of various media streams Support Support Standardization & interoperability Standardization & interoperability

QoS Applications dependent Applications dependent Quantified Quantified Packet loss, delay, jitter Packet loss, delay, jitter Negotiated between users & service providers Negotiated between users & service providers Three levels of delivery Three levels of delivery Deterministic Deterministic Deterministic Statistical Statistical Statistical Best Effort Delivery Best Effort Delivery Best Effort Delivery Best Effort Delivery Requires Requires Resource management Resource management Reservation Reservation

Network Variations Media Media Coax, fiber, wireless, satellite Coax, fiber, wireless, satellite Transport/switching/routing protocols Transport/switching/routing protocols Connection oriented or connectionless Connection oriented or connectionless Connection oriented connectionless Connection oriented connectionless Ethernet, ATM, IP Ethernet, ATM, IP EthernetATMIP EthernetATMIP Unicast, multicast Unicast, multicast Unicastmulticast Unicastmulticast Network Size Network Size LAN, MAN, WAN LAN, MAN, WAN LANMANWAN LANMANWAN

IP Networking Datagram Datagram Connectionless Connectionless Best effort Best effort Reliability is left to the end user Reliability is left to the end user Present Internet Present Internet Primitive service model Primitive service model Best effort, point to point Best effort, point to point UDP – User (Unreliable) Datagram Protocol UDP – User (Unreliable) Datagram Protocol UDP More RTPs (Real-time Transport Protocol) needed More RTPs (Real-time Transport Protocol) neededRTPs VoIP, multicasting, VoD, etc. VoIP, multicasting, VoD, etc. VoIPmulticastingVoD VoIPmulticastingVoD

IP Multicast A single packet to multiple destinations A single packet to multiple destinations Requires a multicast address Requires a multicast address Network forwards a copy to each group of hosts Network forwards a copy to each group of hosts Allow users to join & leave the session Allow users to join & leave the session Routing protocol categories Routing protocol categories Routing Link state (router subsets) Link state (router subsets) Link state Link state Distance Vector (destination) Distance Vector (destination) Distance Vector Distance Vector

RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol Resource Reservation Protocol Resource Reservation Protocol Resource Reservation Protocol Receiver initiated Receiver initiated PATH message PATH message Flow specification, destination Flow specification, destination Receiver determines QoS & initiates RESV Receiver determines QoS & initiates RESV Reservation styles Reservation styles Fixed filter (video conferencing) Fixed filter (video conferencing) Wildcard filter (audio conferencing) Wildcard filter (audio conferencing) Shared explicit (sender selection) Shared explicit (sender selection)

RTP Real-time Transport Protocol Real-time Transport Protocol Real-time Transport Protocol Real-time Transport Protocol Does not provide QoS Does not provide QoS Provides packet sequence number Provides packet sequence number Used for multiparty conferencing Used for multiparty conferencing Provides synchronization, framing, & encryption Provides synchronization, framing, & encryption Used with RTCP Used with RTCPRTCP Exchanges QoS & failure information Exchanges QoS & failure information

Integrated Management Architecture MPLS MPLS MPLS Edge-label switches (connect to customers) Edge-label switches (connect to customers) Core switches Core switches FCAPS FCAPS FCAPS Integrated management of networks Integrated management of networks Performance Performance Fault Fault Configuration Configuration Security Security Billing Billing

ATM ATM Forum now MFA Forum ATM Forum now MFA Forum ATM ForumMFA Forum ATM ForumMFA Forum Connection oriented Connection oriented Small cells Small cells Virtual circuit, virtual path Virtual circuit, virtual path Virtual circuitvirtual path Virtual circuitvirtual path QoS QoS QoS Sustainable rate, peak rate, burst length, cell loss ratio, delay, jitter Sustainable rate, peak rate, burst length, cell loss ratio, delay, jitter 5 Adaptation layers 5 Adaptation layers 5 Adaptation layers 5 Adaptation layers

IP/ATM Integration IP IP Large installation base Large installation base Connectionless Connectionless Best effort Best effort ATM ATM QoS QoS Bandwidth Bandwidth Connection oriented Connection oriented Adaptation layers (class of service) Adaptation layers (class of service)

IP/ATM Integration Switching Switching IP switching IP switching Tag switching (MPLS) Tag switching (MPLS) Cut-through switching Cut-through switching Cut-through switching Cut-through switching RMOA RMOA Real-time multimedia over ATM Real-time multimedia over ATM Underdevelopment Underdevelopment Underdevelopment

Distributed Media Servers Servers Applications Applications VoD, digital library, in-house training VoD, digital library, in-house training Complexity Complexity I/O bandwidth I/O bandwidth Information storage/access Information storage/access QoS to multiple users QoS to multiple users VCR-like controls VCR-like controls

Multimedia Operating Systems CPU Management CPU Management EDF – earliest deadline first EDF – earliest deadline first EDF Rate-monitoring scheduling (fixed priority) Rate-monitoring scheduling (fixed priority) Rate-monitoring scheduling Rate-monitoring scheduling Memory Management Memory Management Memory Management Memory Management Speed & fragmentation Speed & fragmentation IO Management IO Management Interrupts & transfer rates Interrupts & transfer rates File System Management File System Management Real-time & continuous media streams Real-time & continuous media streams

Interactive Television Interactive Television Point-to-point switched connections Point-to-point switched connections Asymmetrical bandwidth Asymmetrical bandwidth Broadcast media Broadcast media streaming streaming VoD – real-time VoD – real-time Stored media Stored media file transfer or streaming file transfer or streaming VoD – on-line movie rental/video library VoD – on-line movie rental/video library video jukebox video jukebox SONET/ATM SONET/ATM National distribution National distribution

Telecooperation Telecommuting + Telecommuting + Electronic shared workspace Electronic shared workspace Shared applications/documents Shared applications/documents Replicated Replicated Concurrent Concurrent Cooperation control Cooperation control Conferencing Conferencing Requires multicast Requires multicast Real-time Real-time Add drop control Add drop control

Hypermedia Media Limitations Media Limitations Proprietary storage mechanisms Proprietary storage mechanisms Disparate document formats Disparate document formats The Web The Web HTTP, URL HTTP, URL HTTPURL HTTPURL HTML, XHTML, DMTL HTML, XHTML, DMTL HTMLXHTMLDMTL HTMLXHTMLDMTL CGI – Common Gateway Interface CGI – Common Gateway Interface CGI JAVA JAVA JAVA