Automatic Citizenship

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Presentation transcript:

American Citizenship: A Brief Look at Naturalization History & the Current Process.

Automatic Citizenship Jus sanguinis: “Law of Blood” Jus soli: “Law of Soil”

A Brief History Originally a state-by-state decision 1790: Naturalization Act “Free white persons”: 2-year residency Changed to 5-years in 1795 1848: End of US-Mexico War grants citizenship to Mexican subjects living in new territories, including California 1857: Dred Scott Decision 1868: 14th Amendment: Remove racial barrier 1882: Chinese Exclusion Act

A Brief History (cont.) 1898: Guarantee citizenship to US-born citizens of foreign nationals. 1917: Jones Act: Puerto Rico 1924: Indian Citizenship (Snyder) Act 1940: Native American citizenship granted 1952: Immigration & Nationality Act Current structure of immigration law upheld by USCIS 1965 Amendments: Remove quotas 2007: Comprehensive Reform Act Tighten border security, provide legal path for 12-20 million illegal immigrants for citizenship.

The Naturalization Process Eligibility: Permanent resident for 5 years Permanent resident for 3 years as a spouse of an American citizen Qualifying service in U.S. armed forces If you were born and reside outside the U.S., but parents are American citizens.

Basic Timeline Application for Citizenship Interview and Research Process Evaluation of English competency American Civics/History examination Federal court oath of allegiance.

Exemptions for Naturalization English Language: 50+ w/ 20 years, 55/15 Mental or physical disability Automatic Withdrawals Criminal records History of Abuse Gaps in history, etc.

Benefits and Responsibilities of American Citizenship Benefits of Citizenship Responsibilities of Citizens Voting Bring family to U.S. Obtain citizenship for children born abroad Travel with U.S. passport Eligible for federal jobs Become an elected official Give up allegiance to prior nations Swear allegiance to U.S. Defend/support Constitution and laws of U.S. Serve the country when called upon Political Participation Jury Duty Tolerance

Ways to Lose Citizenship: Expatriation Voluntary v. Involuntary Naturalization Fraud Disloyalty: (i.e. John Walker Lindh) Denaturalization Deportation

U.S.C.I.S. Civics & History Exam http://www.history.com/interactives/citizenship-quiz

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