Introduction to Computers Chapter 1

Announcements  Chapter 1 Homework: Due 1/30  Windows 7 Simulator  Homework 1

Objectives  History of Computers  Computer Literacy  Computers and Careers  Technology Challenges

History of Computers 1936 – Z – ABC Computer 1944 – Harvard Mark I

History of Computers ENIAC 1 Year: 1946 Electrical Numeric Integrator And Calculator Designed to pre- calculate artillery-firing tables for different weapons under different conditions square Feet 30 tons Can perform 5000 additions, 357 multiplications, or 38 divisions in one second.

History of Computers S.A.G.E. Year: 1950’s Semi-Automatic Ground Environment One of the first computerized command & control systems Also one of the first to use a display screen

History of Computers Altair 8800 Year: 1975 Input was a series of switches Output was a series of lights Sold as a kit you had to build yourself Can compute very simple programs Considered the first personal computer 256 bytes of memory 500,000 instructions per second

History of Computers Apple II Year: 1977 Steve Wozniak & Steve Jobs First computer with an attached TV screen 1,000,000 instructions per second

History of Computers IBM PC Year: 1981 First affordable PC system First home system to support multiple monitors 4,770,000 instructions per second

History of Computers IBM PC Clones IBM did not legally fight companies that reverse- engineered their systems. As a result, unlike Apple, hundreds of companies sprang up over the years

Why Become Computer Literate?  Computers are everywhere  And becoming more prolific every day  Become a savvy user  Become a knowledgeable consumer  Increase career opportunities  Understand ethical and legal implications

 Home  Work  Transportation  Cars  Planes  Trains  Boats  Traffic Signals  Cameras  Security Systems  Credit Cards  TV  Phones  Gaming  Sports  Medicine  Tools  Prosthetics  Implants  Weapons / Military  From hand guns to missiles  Printers  Air Conditioning Units  Pens  Water Fountains  Retail  Arts  Education  Forensics / Law Computers are Everywhere

Become a Savvy User  Avoid hackers and viruses  Protect your privacy  Understand privacy and security risks  Use the Internet wisely

Become a Knowledgeable Consumer  Make intelligent choices when purchasing  Understand the reasons for upgrading vs. buying new  Save money & time  Know the difference between the options available

Computers at Work  Information Technology (IT) Department  Information handling  Information retrieval  Computers  Telecommunications  Software Deployment  Help Desk

 Data mining  Package Tracking  QR Codes  RFID  Forecasting Models Computers in Retail

 Computer generated art  Digital choreography  Music  Art Restoration Computers in the Arts

 Video Game Design  Programming  3D Animation Computers in Gaming

Computers in Education  Instructional Software Programs  Distance Education  Computerized Research  The Internet  Virtual Field Trips  Museum Podcasts  Multimedia Tours

Computers in Law Enforcement  Search Databases  Computer Forensics  Train Law Enforcement

Computers in the Digital Home  You can control home systems from your computer and via the Internet.  Entertainment Center  Security  Lights  AC/Heating  Appliances  Doors  Irrigation

Computers in the Military  Electronic Communications  Military Career Planning  High-Tech Projects

Computers in Agriculture  Software manages complex farming business intelligence  Computerized sensors monitor conditions to protect crops (ex. Temperature)

Computers in Automotive Technology  Monitor and test compliance of environmental regulations  Drowsiness Monitoring  Computerized sensors  Brakes  Transmission Efficiency  Tire Pressure  Hybrid/Electric control  Ignition  Blackboxes

Computers in Medicine  Patient Simulators  Surgical Robots  Digital Modelling of Anatomy  Biomedical  Pacemakers  Digital Eye  Personal ID  Health Monitors

Computers in the Sciences  Supercomputers are used to simulate/predict weather patterns  Decode genomes  Discover new treatments  Model human behavior

 Improve Effectiveness of Training  Improve Efficiency of Protection  Timing and Automated Scorekeeping  Statistics  Improve Safety and Score Fitness Computers in Sports

Nanotechnology  Nano: Prefix stands for one billionth  Nanoscience: Study of molecules and nanostructures  Nanostructures – Range in size from 1 to 100 nanometers  Nanotechnology: Science of the use of nanostructures  Nanometer: One billionth of a meter

Computers and Psychology  Affective Computing  The study of both modelling and stimulating human emotion  Allow software to respond to emotional states  Detect frustration and offer assistance  Deception detection  Computers will determine if you are lying or exhibiting deceptive behavior

Challenges Facing a Digital Society  Privacy Risks  Personal Data Collection  Monitoring  Copyright Infringement  Reliance on Computers for Security  Digital Divide