Columbian Exchange Cards

West to East

Turkey Biome: Forest Continent: North America Brought by Spanish to Europe Came with Pilgrims to Plymouth Proposed by Franklin as US national bird instead of eagle Where might this animal thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this animal have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/091123- thanksgiving-dinner-turkey-facts.html

American Beaver Biome: Forest Continent: North America Trapped for fur for hats Replaced European beaver which was nearly extinct Traded by English and French to Russia for processing, then could be traded back to colonies for final sale Where might this animal thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this animal have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://cwh.ucsc.edu/feinstein/A%20brief%20history%20of %20the%20beaver%20trade.html

Maize (Corn) Biome: Grassland Continent: North America Grows on land too wet for wheat but too dry for rice Produces twice as much food per acre as wheat Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://www2.palomar.edu/users/scrouthamel/maize.htm

Tomato Biome: Grassland (Mtn) Continent: South America Europeans thought it was poisonous Thomas Jefferson first to plant in US (1781) Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://aggie- horticulture.tamu.edu/archives/parsons/publications/v egetabletravelers/tomato.html

Potato Biome: Grasslands (Mtn) Continent: South America Incan Empire main food source High in calories, easy to cook Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the- potato-changed-the-world-108470605/?no-ist

Vanilla Biome: Forest (Rain) Continent: North America First cultivated in Mexico Second most expensive spice in world Thomas Jefferson first in US to make vanilla ice cream (French recipe) Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://theplate.nationalgeographic.com/2014/10/23/plain-vanilla/

Rubber Biome: Forest (Rain) Continent: North America First cultivated in Mexico Used by Aztecs for sports Magellan first used as an eraser Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://www.iisrp.com/WebPolymers/00Rubber_Intro.p df

Cacao (Chocolate) Biome: Forest (Rain) Continent: North America First cultivated in Mexico/Guatemala Mayans used in marriage ceremony Latin name Theobroma means food of the gods Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://worldcocoafoundation.org/about-cocoa/history-of-cocoa/

Tobacco Biome: Grassland Continent: North America First cultivated in Mexico One of first gifts noted by Columbus Key to success of Jamestown colony Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit1/2history _of.html

Capsicum (Chili Peppers) Biome: Forests (Rain) Continent: South America High levels of Vitamin C boost immune system Tarahumara people believed refusing to eat chilis meant you were a sorcerer Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? https://www.sbnature.org/crc/332.html

Peanut Biome: Grassland Continent: South America Brought by Spain to Europe Came to USA via Africa Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://nationalpeanutboard.org/the-facts/history-of- peanuts-peanut-butter/

Pumpkins Biome: Grassland Continent: North America Cold Resistance made ideal winter food source Pumpkinville was the first name for the city of Phoenix Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/history- pumpkins-recipes/

Cochineal Biome: Desert Continent: North America Crushed insects make a vivid red dye Used to make red for British “Redcoats” Where might this insect thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this insect have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://www.gcrg.org/bqr/8-2/bug.htm

Syphilis Biome: Human Continent: South America? Disputed origin- may have become a superbug by mixing W & E Hemisphere strains of bacteria Effective treatment of this STD with antibiotics started in 1940’s Where might this plant thrive in the E. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the E. Hemisphere? http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/case-closed-columbus/ http://discovermagazine.com/2008/sep/09-how-often-do-animals-get-stds

East to West

Horses Biome: Grassland Continent: Asia Quick and versatile transport, horses arrived with Spanish One horsepower= ability to lift 33,000 pounds one foot in one minute Where might this animal thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this animal have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www2.palomar.edu/users/scrouthamel/hors e.htm

Cattle Biome: Grassland Continent: Asia Major source of proteins for E. Hemisphere Where might this animal thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this animal have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www.wired.com/2012/03/cattle-ox- origins/

Chicken Biome: Forest Continent: Asia Essentially flightless, voracious insect predator Where might this animal thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this animal have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the- chicken-conquered-the-world-87583657/

Pigs Biome: Forest Continent: Asia Urban pigs were used by Europeans as trash processors Where might this animal thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this animal have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www.genetics.org/content/154/4/1785.fu ll

Sheep Biome: Grasslands Continent: Asia Wool was major source of yarn for warm clothing in Europe Where might this animal thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this animal have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www.sheep101.info/history.html

Coffee Biome: Forests Continent: Africa First coffee in W Europe arrived with Turkish Army (1683) Where might this plant thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www.ncausa.org/About-Coffee/History-of- Coffee

Indigo Biome: Grasslands Continent: Asia Source of blue dye for clothing, including blue jeans Where might this plant thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the W. Hemisphere? https://www.lib.umn.edu/bell/tradeproducts/indig o

Citrus Biome: Forests Continent: Asia Major source of Vitamin C immunity boosting agent Prevents Scurvy disease Where might this plant thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/eco nomicbotany/Citrus/

Apples Biome: Forests Continent: Asia Major source of sugar outside of tropics Where might this plant thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the W. Hemisphere? https://prezi.com/mnsdp1bqccsr/apples-in- the-columbian-exchange/

Rice Biome: Aquatic Continent: Asia Rice is the most popular single food plant in the world Where might this plant thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www- plb.ucdavis.edu/labs/rost/Rice/introducti on/intro.html

Wheat Biome: Grassland Continent: Africa Wheat was likely the base for the first alcoholic drinks Where might this plant thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www- plb.ucdavis.edu/labs/rost/Rice/introduction/intro.ht ml

Banana Biome: Forest Continent: Oceania Originally grown to provide shade for coffee, cacao and sugar cane plants Where might this plant thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this plant have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://cwh.ucsc.edu/bananas/Site/Early%20History%20o f%20the%20Banana.html

Smallpox Biome: Human Continent: Afro-EurAsia Likely to have killed the largest amount of people throughout history Where might this virus thrive in the W. Hemisphere? What effect might this virus have on people in the W. Hemisphere? http://www.pbs.org/now/science/smallpox.html

Links Turkey http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/091123-thanksgiving-dinner-turkey-facts.html Beaver http://cwh.ucsc.edu/feinstein/A%20brief%20history%20of%20the%20beaver%20trade.html Maize (Corn) http://www2.palomar.edu/users/scrouthamel/maize.htm Tomato http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/archives/parsons/publications/vegetabletravelers/tomato.html Potato http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-potato-changed-the-world-108470605/?no-ist Vanilla http://theplate.nationalgeographic.com/2014/10/23/plain-vanilla/ Rubber http://www.iisrp.com/WebPolymers/00Rubber_Intro.pdf Cacao (Chocolate) http://worldcocoafoundation.org/about-cocoa/history-of-cocoa/ Tobacco http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit1/2history_of.html Capsicum (Chili Peppers) https://www.sbnature.org/crc/332.html Peanut http://nationalpeanutboard.org/the-facts/history-of-peanuts-peanut-butter/ Pumpkins http://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/history-pumpkins-recipes/ Cochineal http://www.gcrg.org/bqr/8-2/bug.htm Syphilis http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/case-closed-columbus/ http://discovermagazine.com/2008/sep/09-how-often-do-animals-get-stds

Links Horses http://www2.palomar.edu/users/scrouthamel/horse.htm Cattle http://www.wired.com/2012/03/cattle-ox-origins/ Chicken http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-chicken-conquered-the-world-87583657/ Pigs http://www.genetics.org/content/154/4/1785.full Sheep http://www.sheep101.info/history.html Coffee http://www.ncausa.org/About-Coffee/History-of-Coffee Indigo https://www.lib.umn.edu/bell/tradeproducts/indigo Citrus http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Citrus/ Apples https://prezi.com/mnsdp1bqccsr/apples-in-the-columbian-exchange/ Rice http://www-plb.ucdavis.edu/labs/rost/Rice/introduction/intro.html Wheat http://www.allaboutwheat.info/history.html Banana http://cwh.ucsc.edu/bananas/Site/Early%20History%20of%20the%20Banana.html Smallpox http://www.pbs.org/now/science/smallpox.html