Presented to ACI Committee 240 Washington D. C. October 27, 2014 R.E. Neal

Wet – Sieved 45 um Sieve (#325) Maximum Percent Retained 34% (66% Passing)

 Percent of Control Mixture ◦ 115% Maximum

 Minus 45 micron (325 sieve)  Blaine Fineness  Particle Size Distribution (Laser Diffraction)

MaterialMinus 45 um Blaine Fineness m 2 /kg PSD – Median Particle Size um ASTM C 311 Water Requirement Type II PC

MaterialMinus 45 um Blaine Fineness m 2 /kg PSD – Median Particle Size um ASTM C 311 Water Requirement Type II PC Calcined Slate

MaterialMinus 45 um Blaine Fineness m 2 /kg PSD – Median Particle Size um ASTM C 311 Water Requirement Type II PC Calcined Slate Pumice Greece

◦ Lab Batches ◦ Water Content ◦ Slump

Cementitious ContentWater gal/cu.yd.Slump Inches PC 470 Control375 25% Direct Replacement365

Cementitious ContentWater gal/cu.yd.Slump Inches PC 564 Control375 25% Direct Replacement36.55 ½

Cementitious ContentWater gal/cu.yd.Slump Inches 658 Control375 25% Direct Replacement375 ¼

Cementitious ContentWater gal/cu.yd.Slump Inches 470 Control375 ½ 25% Direct Replacement375 ½

Cementitious ContentWater gal/cu.yd.Slump Inches 564 Control374 25% Direct Replacement375 ½

Cementitious ContentWater gal/cu.yd.Slump Inches 658 Control374 ½ 25% Direct Replacement374 ½

 Destruction of Vesicular Structure Required  ASTM C 618 Fineness Requirement Inadequate  Higher Fineness Required  Blaine Fineness – Poor Indicator of NP Fineness ◦ Does not relate well to fineness of PC  Minus 325 (45 um) or PSD Better Indicator