CHAPTER 3 PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND BIRTH Lecture prepared by Dr. M. Sawhney

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT The Germinal Period Blastocyst Trophoblast

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT The Embryonic Period: Cell Differentiation Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Cephalocaudal pattern Amnion Umbilical cord Placenta Organogenesis

Prenatal Development: Neural Tube Formation

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT The Fetal Period

TERATOGENS Teratogen Influence depends on: Dose Genetic Susceptibility Time of Exposure

HAZARDS IN PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT Maternal Factors – Age – Stress Other Environmental Factors – Smoking – Alcohol

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS) Lifetime cost of individuals with FAS is $2million.2 to 1.5 cases of FAS for every 1000 births (CDC,2002) Symptoms: Abnormal facial features Learning disabilities Organ dysfunction Behavioral problems Lack of imagination Alcohol recommendation in pregnancy

BIRTH PROCESS & METHOD OF CHILDBIRTH Birth Process Stage 1: Dilation Stage 2: Delivery Stage 3: Afterbirth atch?v=BgZ5z6RB06c atch?v=BgZ5z6RB06c Methods of Childbirth Prepared Childbirth Breech Position

ASSESSING THE NEWBORN APGAR Scale Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

PRETERM & LOW BIRTH INFANTS Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants Small for date infants m/watch?v=Xo6Ek6dob Nk

POSTPARTUM PERIOD Postpartum Blues: 70 percent postpartum women have it. Feeling depressed, anxious and upset Typically go away after one or two weeks Postpartum Depression: 10 to 14 percent women experience post partum depression Symptoms Symptoms of depression Feeling numb or disconnected from the baby Worrying about hurting the baby Trouble sleeping when the baby sleeps Bonding