To look at section C and consider the most suitable options using clear evidence to help

Case study issues ISSUEPage number Outline Issue 1. Rural isolation8-9 Issue 2. Rural Poverty10-11 Issue 3. Education & status of women in rural areas Issue 4. Health in rural areas 15-17HIV infection, treatment costs expensive, education levels help prevention (graph), not enough clinics. Water problems only 64% have clean water. No sewage disposal-pit latrines used. Potential for other illnesses from infected water Issue 5. Energy18-19Most food cooking done by collecting firewood-time wasted each day, damage to bio-diversity. Only few places have oil run generators-expensive using imported oil.

Millennium Development Goals (MDG). What are they? Getting worse Little progressSome progressVery likely to be achieved Already achieved 6 Fight HIV and AIDS, malaria and other diseases a Stop and then reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 4. Reduce child mortality by two thirds 5. Improve the health of mothers a Reduce by three quarters the proportion of women dying in childbirth b Achieve access to healthcare for all pregnant women and mothers 3. Achieve gender equality and improve the power of women; close the gap between the percentage of boys and girls who complete primary and secondary school. 2. Provide primary schooling for everyone and make sure that all complete it Get rid of extreme poverty and hunger: a Reduce by half the percentage of people living on under US$1 a day b Reduce by half the percentage of people suffering from hunger 7 Achieve environmental sustainability a Reduce the loss of biodiversity 6. Fight HIV and AIDS, malaria and other diseases b. Provide treatment for HIV/AIDS for everyone who needs it 7 Achieve environmental sustainability b Increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation 8 Develop a global partnership for development a Make essential drugs available in developing countries 8 Develop a global partnership for development b. Spread the benefits of new technology

Options for the future: highlight features which are economic, environmental or social OptionsOutlineAdvantages (social, economic, environmental) ConcernsIssue it helps to tackle. MDG it helps Option 1 Option 1 Develop an all-weather road network Roads to and from Kabujogera remain dirt roads so this option could end their isolation. 2-6 hrs to get to Ibanda on dirt roads and damage to produce an issue. Farmers away from land so wastes time. Help farmers spend more time farming, better produce to sell Only a ¼ or roads tarmacked so far Need drainage channels (planned) to prevent run off erosion of surrounding land Not a MDG. Does help address issue 1 of rural isolation on transport side Option 2 Option 2 Create a national farm advisory service Break cycle of poverty (p 11) less than 10% land received any additional inputs(seeds/fertilizer) in Only 7% of Ugandan farmers were visited by a farm expert. Farmers who did receive some training increased their crop production per hectare by 27% in one year. Their income increased by 41%. Smallholdings limit effectiveness – less efficient Literacy issues could hold back some areas Poor roads still delay movement to markets to sell Benefits outweigh these concerns MDG: Reduce by half the percentage of people suffering from hunger. Already achieved Will help tackle MDG issue 2 Rural poverty (MDG extreme poverty achieved). More food would help MDG’s of improving women’s health (5) and could help reduce child mortality (4) Option 3 Option 3 Build rural health clinics HIV/Aids a real problem. Clinics only 30min walk improve access to drugs & treatment for this & other diseases. Benefit all, more energy if well, to grow crops. Helps childcare/maternal care issues. Maternal mortality rates very high Helps locally and nationally Link to dealing with HIV Aids more successful to those in education- women tend not to be in secondary ed and highest new cases (57%). Can they train enough Dr’s & nurses if women not educated? Tackles MDG 4 (child health) & 5 (mothers health). 6 (fight disease) & 8 (develop a global partnership). Issue 4 and issue 2 (rural poverty) helped

AdvantageConcerns /weakness Option 4Option 4 Provide safe piped water for all Will bring rural areas(64%) up to levels of urban areas(91%) & benefit all country. Improved water helps reduce disease from drinking river water. All having pit latrines reduces spread of illness from water & food contamination. Reduce time carrying water from communal river tap Tackles MDG 7b which it says is already achieved Clean water can help MDG 4 (reduce child mortality) and 5 (improve health of mothers) on which there has been little progress Option 5Option 5 Develop rural electricity sources Only 9% of homes have electricity (2.4%) in rural areas. Reduce amount of imported oil for generators, protect bio- diversity of the forest (less firewood collected-less damage to forest) Plenty of sun so solar power very effective. Will have low cost energy in all homes in 10 years. Can use solar power or build own HEP scheme. Would reduce bio-diversity issue Costs of buying electric stoves not mentioned. Solar power no use at night time so some wood fires still used Biodiversity issue already been tackled through new more effective stoves which are more heat efficient (p19). People who sell firewood could have less customers MDG 7 Achieve environmental sustainability a Reduce the loss of biodiversity-(little progress) Note there are no direct plans to solve Issue 3: Education & status of women in rural areas (p 12-14) which would help MDG 3 Achieve gender equality and improve the power of women; It could close the gap between the percentage of boys and girls who complete primary and secondary school. Some progress has been made already (see page 12) in primary class size, but link to no education & poverty strong (52%)

Potential questions Sustainability- there is a good reminder of what this means in the box on page 21 We should make sure that oil is a blessing and not a curse, offering sustainable benefits to society, the economy and the environment for people now and for those that follow.” Do the options you choose help these features? Which of the 5 options best helps Kabujogera specifically and Uganda as a whole. Use evidence from the case study to support your answer (12m) Which option is least likely to deal with the problems of rural isolation faced by Kabujogera (6m) Why do you think “Issue 3 Education and the status of women in rural areas” is not one of the 5 options being considered in the 5 options under consideration?