Pavement Management in Developing Countries Christopher R. Bennett Senior Transport Specialist East Asia Transport Unit

2 Presentation Outline The World Bank’s interest in PMS Case Studies and Examples of PMS Projects –Data collection –System features –Applying the system

Why is the World Bank interested in PMS?

4 Transport and Development Transport sector is vital for economic & social development Roads constitute largest component of transport Roads require a balance of: –Maintenance (or preservation) –Development (or improvement)

5 World Bank’s Activities Since 1970’s the Bank has been working towards sufficient financing for road maintenance –Institutional strengthening –Financing of maintenance Produced the ‘Highway Development and Management Model’ (HDM) Conducted many projects to implement PMS in different countries Operate on wide range of roads

6 Expressway - China

7 Local Road - China

8 Provincial Road - Cambodia

9 Bridges Laos - Rural Road Cambodia: Main Highway Thailand-Siem Reap

10 Traffic Loading - Pakistan

11 Traffic Loading - Laos

Case Studies Data Collection

13 Data Collection Data are the foundation of any PMS First step of any PMS project is to define the network ‘structure’ and location referencing method Need to define data items and attributes: –Network structure –Inventory (pavement and structures) –Condition (pavement and structures) –Traffic volumes

14 Data Collection Most expensive component of any implementation (+70% of total costs) Data collection must be appropriate and sustainable Only collect: –The essential data –At the minimum level of detail –With the most appropriate technology given the agency’s constraints and capabilities Agency must have explicit data collection policies and procedures There must be strict data QA procedures

15 Network Level Data Calibration Data Performance StructureCondition RideDistressFriction IQL-5 IQL-4 IQL-3 IQL-2 IQL-1 System Performance Monitoring Planning and Performance Evaluation Programme Analysis or Detailed Planning Project Level or Detailed Programme Project Detail or Research HIGH LEVEL DATA LOW LEVEL DATA Data Detail Very Important

16 Roads Links (10-60km) Segments (1-5km) Attribute Data (varies) Node – Link Method Typically Used Location Referencing

17 No pre-defined network No previous data on inventory or condition Missing links / broken bridges Mines and unexploded ordinance (UXOs) within the right way Equipment breakdowns and difficulties getting spares Wildlife Banditry Weather Network Survey Challenges

18 All roads where 4-WD vehicle can pass some way or other Passable Roads - Cambodia

19 Impassible Roads - Cambodia

20 Cambodia Survey

21 Laos - Pilot Vehicle and Guards

22 Laos Survey

23 Cambodia Survey Equipment

24 Data Collected Location Referencing Roughness GPS Traffic & Speed Inventory Condition Cambodia ROMDAS System

25 Cambodia Survey – Impassible Roads

26 GPS Equipment in Backpack Video Camera on the Handle Motorcycle Survey Equipment

27 Cambodia: $600,000 for 11,000 km ($55/km) –Included procurement of equipment, vehicles, surveys Laos: $225,000 for 8,000 km ($28/km) –Surveys and map preparation New Zealand: $10-$15/km –Surveys only Comparative Costs

28 Data Processing Surveys result in a large amount of data Unless processing is done during survey significant delays –Contracts require data submission within 30 days of survey Quality assurance is challenging but essential –Philippines: some data returned 4 times to contractor for correction ALL projects have underestimated difficulties in data processing

29 Examples of GPS Data Processing Topological Corrections Correcting for incomplete survey Harmonizing different survey data

30 GPS Data Projection - NZ Aerial/Satellite photos and ground survey data can have different projections Wrong Projections Correct Projections

31 GPS Data Projection - Samoa

32 Final Network - Samoa

Case Studies Setting Up the System

34 Two Approaches Business Process Analysis –Determine the function and role of the PMS in the agency, required features System Design –Design the system around the institution’s capabilities Select and Adapt/Customize Existing Software Simple analyses Implement and provide ongoing support Select software before project starts or write new software Fit the agency’s activities into the software Adopt too intensive data collection Complex system and analyses Wrong (but typical) ApproachCorrect Approach

35 The Key to Success

36 Key RMS Components Basic RMS Asset inventory Asset accounting Maintenance management Contract management Resource management Inventory control Condition monitoring Advanced RMS Predictive modeling Risk assessment Treatment options and costs Lifecycle costing Works planning Optimized decision-making Interface data import/export What most countries needWhat most countries get

37 Tonga (1999)

38 Tonga - System Features Public Works Department had limited capacity Tonga IT industry very limited Adopted simple system –Access database –Generates output file of condition by road link –File imported to HDM-4 –Results mapped using MapInfo

39 Laos (2001)

40 Laos - System Features Ministry of Public Works had some capacity Some local IT industry Adopted simple system –Access database –Generates output file of condition by road link –File imported to HDM-4 –Results mapped using MapInfo Consultant required to annually return to run system

41 Samoa (2001)

42 Samoa - System Features Public Works Department had limited capacity Consultant set up initial system and conducted data collection Adopted moderately advanced system –HIMS for data storage and processing Roads, bridges and seawalls –Bridges and seawall prioritization done using HIMS –Road prioritization done using dTIMS –Results mapped using MapInfo and HIMS embedded GIS

43 Cambodia (2003)

44 Cambodia - System Features Public Works Department had some capacity Consultant set up initial system and conducted data collection Adopted moderately advanced system –HIMS for data storage and processing –Road prioritization done using HDM-4 –Results mapped using ArcView and HIMS embedded GIS Demo

45 Gujarat (2005)

46 Gujarat – System Features Roads and Bridges Department has some IT capacity Good local IT capacity Advanced system –SQL Server –Modules for all aspects of road management including environment

47 New Zealand (NOT a developing country!)

48 New Zealand – System Features Basic database and maintenance prioritization system established from early 1990s Implemented advance predictive modelling 1998 onwards Same systems used throughout the country by all authorities

49 New Zealand - Web-Mapping Demo

Case Studies Applying the System

51 Features Most PMS have common features –Reporting –Analysis modules Advanced features allow for prediction of forward works programmes and optimization under budget constraints –Useful for ‘what if’ scenario testing

52 Deterioration Prediction

53 Comparison of Options

54 Impact of Budget Constraint

55 Comparing Options for Road Section

56 Construction Programme

57 Works Program Cost

58 Predicted Future Condition

59 Treatment Costs

60 Condition Distribution by Budget

61 Backlog Length by Budget

The end