Page 14 NCSCOS Goal 1 North v. South

Industrial Revolution -developed in Great Britain Samuel Slater brings factory system to the United States -interchangeable parts Eli Whitney All parts for machinery made the same -mass production Make lots at once Cheaper and faster “One of my objects is to form the tools so the tools themselves shall fashion the work and give to every part its just proportion- which…will give expedition, uniformity, and exactness to the whole.” ~Eli Whitney

Industrial Revolution -Lowell System modern factory First modern textile factory in the U.S. Highly organized Young farm women who wanted freedom from the farm and earned wages Worked long hours under harsh rules “I am here, among strangers- a factory girl-yes, a factory girl; that name which is thought so degrading by many, though, in truth I see nor feel its degradation.” Lowell Mill worker, 1845

SOCIETY North -Societal Changes Owners of industry Laborers (poor immigrants) -First unions develop -Anti-slavery movement (abolition) -Emancipation: Want to free slaves South -based on agriculture -plantation owners -planters -farmers -slaves -the “Necessary Evil”

Cotton is King -cotton is valuable crop but requires great hand labor -invention of cotton gin by Eli Whitney Separates seeds from cotton; makes process faster -increased capacity for cotton production More cotton = More money More cotton - More labor - More slaves

The Cotton Gin

Sectional Differences -views differed on many issues -land Free land v. market value -tariff (tax on imports) High v. low North = High tariffs South = Low tariffs Farmers needs goods from other Nations -slavery Abomination v. Necessary Evil African Slaves v. Wage Slaves “For liberty our fathers fought, Which with their blood, they dearly bought. The factory system sets at naught. A slave at morn, a slave at eve, It doth my innermost feelings grieve; The blood runs chilly from my heart, To see fair Liberty depart.” Poet Thomas Mann n

American System 1) High tariff Protective Tariff 2) National bank 3) System of internal improvements roads, bridges, canals 4) help to settle western lands -promoted by Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Goal: To unite US and make us less dependent on Europe Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

Transportation -National Road -Stretched from Maryland to Illinois -Paid for with federal and state money Conestogas (Covered wagons) -Erie Canal Connect Great Lakes and Hudson River Bring more trade to the New York area -Railroad building will begin soon Opens up the West

The Historical National Road traveled through the states Maryland, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois

The Erie Canal connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson River, which connected to the Atlantic Ocean. This opened up new trade opportunities for those states surrounding the Great Lakes.

“The interest manifested by the whole country, as this new internal river rolled its first waves through the state, cannot be described. You might see people running across the fields, climbing on trees and fences, and crowding the bank of the canal to gaze upon the welcome sight…From bridge to bridge, from village to village, the procession was saluted with cannon, and every bell whose sound could reach the canal, swung as with instinctive life, as it passed by.” ~Albany Daily Advertiser, 1819