Definitions

Wetlands

Soils

Plants

Restoration

Miscellaneous

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Wetlands that have trees.

Swamp

Has been called a “wet grassland”

Marsh

They study of water at or near the surface of land

Hydrology

A cross section of soil that extends from the surface to the bedrock.

Soil Profile

Types of plants that require lots of water and the anaerobic conditions that the hydric soil creates?

Wetland Plants

What are the 3 characteristics that make up a wetland?

Plants, Soil, and Hydrology

What are the 2 components of hydrology?

Hydroperiod & Physical

What are the 3 general types of wetlands?

Basin, Riverine, & Fringe

What type of wetland has only vertical water flow?

Basin

Which type of wetland has hydroperiods that are not seasonal like basin wetlands?

Fringe

What is a mixture of minerals, air, water, bedrock, living and decaying organisms called?

Soil

Where does soil come from?

The weathering or breaking down of bedrock.

What are the 3 types of soils?

Sandy, Silt, & Clay

What is loam soil?

It is a mixture of sand, clay, & silt and it is the best type of soil

What are the 4 zones of a soil profile and what is in each?

Horizon O- Topsoil Horizon A- Subsoil Horizon B- Partially weathered bedrock Horizon C- Bedrock

Plants that are from the area that provide food and shelter for organisms.

Native

Plants that are not naturally from the area.

Exotic or Invasive

Plants that are found in wetlands 99% of the time?

Obligate Wetland Plants

Plants that are found in uplands 67-99% of the time?

Facultative Upland Plants

Plants that are found in both wetlands and uplands 34-66% of the time?

Facultative Plants

What are 3 of the 5 reasons of why wetlands are important?

Filter water, protect from floods, provide food, & habitat, prevent erosion

What are 2 of the 3 impacts if wetlands are destroyed?

Increased floods, decrease in wetland plants & animals, water quality issues

Who decides how much wetland must be rebuilt based on the quality of the wetland destroyed?

The U.S. Army Core of Engineers

What 3 things would you do if you were to restore a wetland?

1.Plant native wetland vegetation 2.Make sure the soil can still hold water (hydric) 3.Dig a basin in a flood plain 4.Build a dam

List 3 points made about wetlands by the Clean Water Act (i.e. what can builders do/not do)?

1.Avoid changing the wetlands if possible. 2.When impossible to avoid, do as little damage as possible. 3.If a wetland is destroyed they must rebuild a wetland in another place or pay to restore a wetland.

A cross section of the soil that extends from the surface to the bedrock?

Soil Profile

The duration, frequency, depth, and flood season of a wetland?

Hydroperiod

The type of wetland that includes lakes and ponds?

Basin

Type of wetland found in costal areas?

Fringe

Organisms that are not native, dominate an ecosystem and prevent native plants from growing?

Invasive