micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 1 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Two men have been supreme in creating the modern world: Rockefeller and Bismarck. One in economics, the other in politics, refuted the liberal dream of universal happiness through individual competition, substituting monopoly and the corporate state. -- Bertrand Russell Long before there was Bill, there was John D and the other robber barons.
micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 2 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Market Structures: Monopoly – the opposite of Perfect Competition
micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 3 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Monopoly Conditions Sole Supplier of Good Sole Supplier of Good No Close Substitutes and/or Inelastic Demand No Close Substitutes and/or Inelastic Demand Barriers to Entry Barriers to Entry New Firms Not Able to Enter Industry
micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 4 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Market Demand = Monopolist’s Demand Slopes Downward Max e=1.0 Can choose P or Q Demand Determines the Other Monopolist is Price Maker $7,000 6, Price per Diamond 1 – carat diamonds per day D = Average revenue LOSS GAINGAIN
micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 5 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Profit Maximization: Simple Monopoly Find Q where MR=MC Find highest Price for that Q (go up to D curve) same logic as in Competition – only the curves have moved
micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 6 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Simple Monopoly Likely to make profits in short-run Likely to make profits in short-run No change over long-run No change over long-run Entry barriers prevent competition
micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 7 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Price Discrimination Monopolist charges different prices to different groups of customers depending on willingness to pay Monopolist captures more of consumer surplus Consumers (as a group) are worse off
micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 8 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Barriers to Entry Legal restrictions Govt. Licenses Patents Copyrights Restrictive Laws Economies of scale “Natural Monopolies” Control of Essential Resource
micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 9 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Market Performance Under Monopoly Monopoly Results NOT production efficient not lowest ATC NOT Allocation Efficient P not equal to MC Too little Q produced Deadweight loss
micro Economics Unit 9 Slide 10 Created: Jan 2007 by Jim Luke. Problems From Monopolies Rent seeking activities Inefficiency Increases No Innovation No Choice Downstream control & Restricted Rights