Elements of Short Fiction Study Notes this Weekend Quiz Tuesday!

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Presentation transcript:

Elements of Short Fiction Study Notes this Weekend Quiz Tuesday!

Canon A selection of authors and works that are considered important or “the classics”

Author’s Craft The techniques the author chooses to enhance writing- can be divided into 2 categories: A. narrative elements: setting, flashback, point of view, characterization, foreshadowing, stream of consciousness, etc. B. literary devices: metaphor, simile, irony, allusion, alliteration, personification, parallel structure, understatement, hyperbole, etc.

“Elements” Listed 1.Setting and Mood 2.Character and Psychology 3.Style and Theme 4.Plot and Narrative Structure 5.Point of View 6.Irony and Tone

Setting and Mood 1.Setting: refers to the environment of story, both place and time. 2.Mood: feelings communicated by the setting, usu. established by description; example: dark and foreboding mood established by dark imagery and shadowy descriptions

Character and Psychology 1.Types of Characters a.round: psychologically developed, 3D b.flat: psychologically undeveloped, 2D c.dynamic: undergoes a change in the story d.static: does not change in the story e.Stock characters: common “type” characters we recognize; example– “mean stepmother”

Character and Psychology Cont’d. 2.Protagonist: main character; not necessarily the hero/heroine in modern fiction 3.Antagonist: opposes the main character 4.Direct characterization: writer describes the character through direct description 5.Indirect characterization: writer describes the character through the character’s thoughts, actions, or reactions from other characters

Style and Theme 1.Style: refers to artistic decisions in language and narrative techniques; verbal qualities a.Formal or informal b.Ornamented styles: can be formal/informal and depend on special techniques: Use of metaphor and/or simile Use of imagery (rich description that appeal to any of the 5 senses) Repetition: either phrases or action (parallel structure) “I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.”

Style and Theme Cont’d. 2. Theme: story’s subject matter or overall message; most stories have several, and often an author discovers other themes after he/she has written her story.

Plot and Narrative Structure 1.Plot: sequence of actions or events; ending should provide a sense of finality; types include: a.chronological: follows linear time b.flashback: present is interrupted by past c.nonlinear: time is fragmented; reader is responsible for piecing things together d.“in medias res”: “in the middle of things”

Plot and Narrative Structure cont’d. 2.Elements of Plot: a.Exposition b.Rising action c.Climax d.Denouement or resolution 3. Foreshadowing 4. Frame Story: a story in which another story is enclosed or embedded

Point of View 1.First-Person Narrator: told from pt. of view of “I”; may be part of action or observer; reader shares all limitations of the narrator; sharp focus; reader feels like part of story 2.Second-Person Narrator: speaks directly to reader; “you”; rare type; not as effective b/c artificial 3.Third-Person Narrator: most popular; “he/she” a.limited: limited to one character’s pt. of view b.Omniscient: all-knowing narrator; accepts authority

Irony and Tone 1.Verbal Irony: author says one thing but means another; sarcasm 2.Situational irony: occurrence is opposite of our expectations 3.Dramatic irony: reader/audience knows something a character doesn’t know 4.Comic irony or tragic irony 5.Tone: author’s attitude toward subject/characters; sympathetic or judgmental