The 5 Themes of Geography Essential Question: How do Geographers use the 5 themes of geography to understand the world and how humans fit into their environment? What tools do they use to accomplish this?

Theme #1: Location 2 types of Location – Relative Location Description of a place relative to another – Example: Harper Jr. High is near Highway 80 – Davis is east of San Francisco – Target is next to the freeway – Absolute Location A specific spot on the planet – Example: Your address – Map coordinates » Latitude & Longitude » Main Line of Latitude = EQUATOR! » Main Line of Longitude = PRIME MERIDIAN » Coordinates always written Latitude, Longitude (38°N, 77° W)

Fun with Absolute Location! Name the following major cities using the maps in your World Geography textbook: 1. 38° N, 122° W 2. 39° N, 77° W 3. 55° N, 37° E 4. 38° N, 24° E 5. 40° N, 116° E 6. 34° S, 151° E 1.San Francisco 2. Washington D.C. 3. Moscow, Russia 4. Athens, Greece 5. Beijing, China 6. Sydney/Canberra, Australia * Also in your notes, write one example of a relative location.

Theme #2: Place Place can be described using 2 different characteristics Physical Characteristics (Physical Map) –Features of a place that occur naturally Climate –Summer, Winter weather patterns, temperatures Landforms –Mountains, Rivers, Valleys Vegetation –Forests, plants –Write a physical description of Sacramento, CA in your notes

Place, Continued Human Characteristics –Things that are made by humans in a place Buildings Customs Anything human-made! –Write a human description of Sacramento in your notes.

What am I – Physical or Human Characteristic? Sacramento River Hoover Dam Grass on our athletic fields Mount Rushmore Panama Canal Forests Antarctica Disneyland Religion Tornadoes Physical Human Physical AND/OR Human? Human Physical Human Physical

Theme #3: Human/Environment Interaction The ways that humans interact with and change the environment –What are some good things humans have done with the environment? Made it possible to live in places like the desert Help species of animals avoid extinction –What are some of the negative things humans have done with the environment? Automobiles = Smog = Unhealthy air Depletion of Forests (particularly rain forests) * Give one more example of how humans have improved the environment and how they have negatively effected the environment.

Theme #4: Movement People, goods, and ideas that move between places –People Relocation, Immigration, Emigration, Refugees –Goods Food, Electronics, Automobiles, Books, etc. –Ideas: Freedom, Religions, Women's Rights, etc. In your notes, name two other ideas that have impacted the world...

Theme #5: Regions Region divides the world into manageable units for geographic study. A region is an area that is defined by certain similar characteristics. Those unifying or similar characteristics can be physical/natural, human, or cultural. Examples: Physical/Natural: Sacramento Valley Human: China Town (San Francisco) Physical/Natural: San Francisco Bay Area Cultural: “The Bible Belt” * In notes, provide 1 more example of a region.