GENES, DNA, AND PROTEINS CHAPTER 5 SECTION 4. THE GENETIC CODE Review Question: What do you remember about DNA?

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Presentation transcript:

GENES, DNA, AND PROTEINS CHAPTER 5 SECTION 4

THE GENETIC CODE Review Question: What do you remember about DNA?

THE GENETIC CODE Gene:  Is a portion of DNA that codes for a particular protein.  Can contain several hundred to several million nitrogen bases.  The order of nitrogen bases forms the Genetic Code.

MAKING PROTEINS  DNA carries all the instructions for the cell.  It is RNA that makes the proteins.  Unlike DNA, RNA has only 1 strand

MAKING PROTEINS DNA NITROGEN BASES Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Thymine (T) RNA NITROGEN BASES Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Uracil (U)

MAKING PROTEINS Messenger RNA (mRNA) – Copies coded messages from the DNA  The “messenger” must carry the code for DNA from the Nucleus to the Cytoplasm.  In order to build a protein you need to connect many amino acids. Transfer RNA (tRNA) – Carries amino acids to the ribosome, making a protein.

MUTATIONS Mutations can cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein. As a result the traits may be different from what it normally would have been it normally would have been.

MUTATIONS Types of Mutations: Substitution – One base pair is substituted for another. Deletion – One base pair is removed Addition – One base pair is added.

MUTATIONS Effects of Mutations: Mutations can be Helpful, Harmful, or Neutral. A mutation is harmful if it reduces the organisms chances for survival or reproduction. A mutation is helpful if it increases the organisms chances for survival or reproduction.

WARM-UP Describe,in detail, how you can tell the difference between DNA and RNA. (Make sure you answer in complete sentences. Try your best to complete a well written response)