Chapter 19.2: Manifest Destiny at Home and Abroad AP US Unit 6 December 4, 2009

Pierce and Expansion Pierce was pro-slave – Pro-slave cabinet included Jefferson Davis as the Secretary of War Pierce was pro-expansion – Fueled by victories in Mexican American War, gold in California, and the promise of land on the Pacific Coast – How could Americans efficiently get to our new territory across the continent?

Let’s Try a Canal… Many felt the path through Nicaragua would be the best route (it would have been) The British were trying to gain influence in Nicaragua so: – US and UK signed the Clayton- Bulwer Treaty (1850) to promise that neither would seek exclusive control over an isthmian waterway Crazy southerner William Walker took over Nicaragua in 1856 to be shot by 1860

What about Asia? China and Japan produced cool stuff! England had already cracked open China and America jumped in to trade there Japan was off limits to ALL outsiders except for 2 Dutch boats a year…a challenge! Matthew Perry was sent to Japan in 1853 and secured the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) – Safe passage for wrecked American sailors – Opening of 2 Japanese ports for trade – A consul to Japan

American Sketch of Perry’s Fleet Perry’s original group only contained four ships. What is this painting trying to show by exaggerating the number of boats?

American Ships surrounded by Japanese Ships

Japanese Painting of an American Steamship What emotions did Perry’s ships inspire in the Japanese who saw them?

Samurai Gathering In Case the Arrival of the Black Ships Means War

American Painting of American Gifts Being Given to the Japanese What gifts do you see being given to the Japanese? Why?

Cuba The South was looking for more slave territory – wanted to split Cuba into several slave states Pierce offered Spain $100 million for it, but they refused Two southern expeditions tried to invade Cuba in , but they were shot and upset Spain

Spain is Angry 1854 – Spanish officials seized an America steamer on a technicality US Secretary of State instructed American ministers in Spain, England, and France to prepare recommendations for the acquisition of Cuba Met at Ostend, Belgium and drew up the Ostend Manifesto – Said US should offer $120 million to Spain and if Spain declined, America could attack if Spanish Cuba endangered American interests Northerners found out and were ANGRY. Pierce and the South had to drop designs on Cuba…for now

How Railroads Caused the Civil War Needed a way to connect the two islands of America (East and West Coasts) across the sea of the Great Plains Railroads seemed like a good idea, but both the North and South wanted control over it

Southern RR Route Would run from Texas to Los Angeles To avoid the mountains, the route would have to run through a piece of Mexico Mexico was poor and run (again) by Santa Anna Pierce sent James Gadsden to buy this area from Santa Anna for $10 million – The Gadsden Purchase Now the entire RR route would be through organized territory

Northern RR Route From Omaha to San Francisco Would have to run through Nebraska, which was unorganized Stephen Douglas proposed the Kansas Nebraska Act to quickly organize the territory – Repealed the Missouri Compromise – Popular Sovereignty in new territories – Effectively led to the end of the Compromise of 1850 when the North was so angry it no longer followed the Fugitive Slave Act

Kansas Nebraska Act

The Beginning of the End Douglas’ plan led to massive violence in Kansas and elsewhere Both sections were angry at each other Neither section would compromise again New political parties

The new Republican Party Sprang up in the Midwest Against slavery in the territories Was never a 3 rd party movement – immediately replaced the Whigs – Barely heard of in 1854 and America had a Republican Speaker of the House by 1856 – Absorbed other 3 rd parties like the Free-Soilers

Southern Democrats Splintering in the Democratic party over slavery Led to the formation of the Southern Democrats Split caused them to lose