America’s Foreign Policy Chapter 10.3 and 10.4

Spectrum of Involvement Isolationist Imperialist Foraker Act Teller Amendment Platt Amendment Philippine- American War Open Door Notes (1st set) Open Door Notes (2nd set) Boxer Rebellion Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary Tafts’s Dollar Diplomacy

Teller Amendment Cuba Background: U.S. recognizes island’s independence during Spanish- American war and in Treaty of Paris Teller Amendment: U.S. has no intention of taking over any part of Cuba. American Occupation of Island: Good: Provide food and clothing to thousands, helped farmers cultivate land, organized schools, improved sanitation, and helped cure yellow fever (killed hundreds of Cubans each year). Bad: Simply replaced Spanish oppressors with American ones. Kept many Spanish officials in office, arrested or exiled protesting Cubans.

Platt Amendment Platt Amendment: U.S. stipulations to Cuban constitution for and independent Cuba. U.S. would not remove army without it. Some Cubans protested and wanted to fight, but it was ratified. Cuba became protectorate; meaning their affairs was partially controlled by stronger power. American business wanted to maintain strong control to protect their investment in Cuba. Provisions in the amendment: –No treaties that limit its independence or permit foreigners to control any part of Cuba. –U.S. reserves the right to intervene in Cuba –Cuba could not go into debt U.S. could buy or lease land for naval stations and refueling stations. Used to occupy Cuba , , 1912,

Monroe Doctrine Stated that no new European influences in the western Hemisphere. United States was concerned about our borders and an invasion.

Tafts’s Dollar Diplomacy The idea involved using money rather than military muscle to intervene. Investing in countries will allow the U.S. to control their decisions and to also bring them prosperity. Did not work well Out business profited – People did not. Generated hostility towards the U.S. and government of the country. Countries and their governments would collapse, the U.S. would lose money and property, and often end up sending troops anyway.

Roosevelt Corollary Added to the Monroe Doctrine. Often called Big Stick Diplomacy Our interest in Latin American countries made us more interested in their affairs. Stated that the U.S. will intervene in western hemisphere countries that are having problems-economic or political instability. We became an international police power. Used extensively in Central America and Latin America.

Open Door Notes (1st set) China Background: Weakened by war and foreign intervention, “Sick man of Asia” France, Germany, Britain, Russia, and Japan established prosperous settlements on coast and spheres of influence, areas where nations claim special rights and economic privileges. China free, but Europeans dominate their largest cities America interests: Vast potential market for American goods New opportunities to invest in large scale railroads Open Door Notes: written by John Hay Written to avoid U.S. being shut out of China if other nations carved colonies out of it. Series of letters to other imperialist nations proposing they share trading rights. This means no nation could have a monopoly of trade with any other part of China. The other imperialist nations reluctantly accepted.

Open Door Notes (2nd set) Issued after Boxer Rebellion: Used again to avoid European nations taking greater control in China after beating the Boxer Rebellion. Insured greater U.S. influence in Asia Announced the U.S. would “safeguard for the world the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire.” »Illustrates three beliefs about U.S. industrial capitalist economy:Influence on U.S. and World War I Growth of U.S. Economy depends on exports –U.S. had a right to intervene abroad to keep U.S. markets open –Closing of an area to U.S. products, citizens, and ideas threatened U.S. survival.

Foraker Act Puerto Rico Background: The island became part of the U.S. after the Spanish-American war. maintain presence in Caribbean and protect the future Panama Canal Options for Puerto Rican government: Independence: Become their own nation Statehood: Full part of the United States Self government as an American Territory Military Rule: U.S. forces occupied until congress decided what to do. Military promised Puerto Ricans they were there to protect them, their property, and “bestow upon them the blessings of the liberal institutions of our government.” Results: Foraker Act: Congress passes in 1900 –Ended military rule and set up civil government –President appoints governor and members of the upper house of legislature –Puerto Ricans can elect only members of the lower house. Constitution does not automatically apply to acquired territories, should it follow the flag? Congress extends U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans in 1917 and right to elect both houses.

Boxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion: August 1900, named after rebels fighting style (martial arts) “The Righteous and Harmonious Fists” Hated Chinese power structure, Christianity, and most foreigners Secret society of Chinese who want to kick them out. –Killed hundreds of missionaries, other foreigners, and Chinese converts to Christianity. –British, French, German, Japanese, and American forces march on Chinese capital. Imperialist stop rebellion after two months and thousands of Chinese deaths.

Philippine-American War Background: U.S. help Filipinos kick Spain off of the Island Believed Americans had promised them Independence Purchased from Spain, in Treaty of Paris, for $20 million U.S. saw territory as gateway to China Philippine-American war: February 1899 U.S. used same tactic we condemned Spanish for using in Cuba: –Filipinos forced to live in designated zones. Poor sanitation, starvation, and disease kill off thousands. White soldiers saw Filipinos as inferior African American soldiers identifies with Filipinos’ plight. Some deserted U.S. side to join with Filipinos in battle against the U.S. Aftermath: –Three years and $400 million (20 times the price tag) to end the rebellion –U.S. sent up government similar to that in Cuba »President selected the governor who selected the upper house »Filipinos only elect lower house. Philippines slowly move toward independence, made independent republic

US Interventions.pdf