Introduction to Cells AP Biology. The Miller-Urey Experiment.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Figure 7.0 Fluorescent stain of cell. Figure 7.1 The size range of cells.
Advertisements

Their Structures and Functions
Cells.
Cell Types and Cell Structure
2. All cells come from preexisting cells. True False
Ch 4: A Tour of the Cell Figure 4.6a.
Organelles of Eukaryotic cells
The Endomembrane System
Figure 5.24 Review: the four levels of protein structure
Cell Types and Cell Structure
Announcements ● Tutoring Center SCI I, 407 M 12-3, 5:30-6:30; W 8-9, 5:30-6:30, Th 8-12, 6-7; F 8-9 ● MasteringBiology Assignment due Tuesday 4/19 ● Exam.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Structure and Function. Why are cells small?
4 Cells: The Basic Units of Life. 4 The Cell: The Basic Unit of Life The cell theory states that:  Cells are the fundamental units of life.  All organisms.
Introduction to Cells Plant Cell Smooth endoplasmic Vacuole reticulum
Building blocks of life!
Cell Structure & Function Introduction to Cells Eukaryotic Cells Prokarytoic Cells.
Lesson Overview 7.2 Cell Structure.
Cells Bio 1 Mr. Hellmer.
Cells Structure and Function
Cell Structure Chapter 4. 2 Cell Theory Cells were discovered in _______________ __________________. Early studies of cells were conducted by - Mathias.
Pretest What is a cell? What are some components of a cell? What are 3 differences between a plant and animal cell? What is the difference between a prokaryotic.
Cell Structure and Function Chapter 4. Cell Theory 1) Every organism is composed of one or more cells 2) Cell is smallest unit having properties of life.
1 Cellular Structure SOL BIO 4.a-c. 2 Cell Theory The cell theory is the unifying theme in biology because it emphasizes the similarity of all living.
Cells.
THE TOUR OF THE CELL CHAPTER 4.
The Cell and it’s Parts! Cool Intro from You Tube Cool Intro from You Tube
The Cell Structure Ag Biology. Cell Overview  CELLS-The common thing that makes up every living thing  Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to.
What is a cell? Each cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) or a nucleoid (in prokaryotic cells) Surface-to-volume.
Cell Structure and Function
 Plasma (Cell) Membrane  Function: Surrounds cell Allows only specific things things in and out (homeostasis)  Fact: Selectively permeable – allows.
A Tour of the Cell. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1600’s) Credit for the first microscope Looked at pond water and saw “wee beasties”
Learning Outcome B1. Analyze the functional inter-relationship of cell structures.
A Tour of the Cell  Every living organism is composed of one or more cells  A cell is the smallest unit having the properties of life  The continuity.
CELLS. 2 Types of Cells Prokaryotic (Bacteria) Eukaryotic (Plant & Animal) Both contain Organelles.
The basic unit of life. How would you describe what you see in this picture?
Cellular Structure SOL BIO 4.a-c.
A Tour of the Cell Chapter 6. n n Objectives F F Distinguish between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell F F Describe the unique structures of a prokaryotic.
Cells. 2 Discovery of Cells Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke. Early studies of cells were conducted by - Mathias Schleiden (1838) - Theodor.
Cell Organelles Found in Plant and Animal Cells Cell membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochonria Ribosomes Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Body Cilia.
Structures and Organelles 7.3. Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm-semifluid material prokaryotes- Chemical process occur eukaryotes- Where organelles.
BIOLOGY. Cell Structure. Cell Theory  Every living organism is made up of one or more cells  The smallest living organisms are single cells  Cells.
TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE
Cell structure Mrs. Dalia Kamal Eldien Practical NO 1.
1 Cellular Structure SOL BIO 4.a-c. 2 Cell Theory The cell theory is the unifying theme in biology because it emphasizes the similarity of all living.
The Cellular Level of Organization Living things are constructed of cells. Living things may be unicellular or multicellular. Cell structure is diverse.
Go to Section: The Cell Theory  All living things are composed of cells.  Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.  New.
GATEWAY Biology Content Review. Characteristics of Living Things  Reproduce  Grow  Develop  Need food/require energy  Made of cells  Respond to.
The functions of the cell organelles. Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell. Described by Felix Dujardin.
CELLS Structure and Function Cell = smallest unit of life.
Agenda 9/18/15 Get out Cell Organelle Booklet.. Chemical level: a molecule in the membrane that encloses a cell Cellular level: a cell in the stomach.
The Endomembrane System
STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF CELLS LECTURE #15 MS. DAY HONORS BIOLOGY
Chapter 7 A Tour of the Cell.
Cells Made Simple Biology 11 Ms. Bowie. Cells Smallest living unit Most are microscopic.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL CHAPTER 4. CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION- CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY (33 words) 1. Cell2. Cell theory3. plasma membrane 4.
Cells Chapter 7. The size range of cells Why are cells so small? Small cells have a high surface area to volume ratio which allows more stuff to move.
What does it mean to say something is ALIVE? 8 Characteristics of Living Things Made of cells Reproduce Based on a universal genetic code Grow and develop.
1 Cellular Structure. 2 Cell Theory The cell theory is the unifying theme in biology because it emphasizes the similarity of all living things. All organisms.
A Tour of the Cell Chapter 6. Objectives Be familiar with the regions of the cell and the overall role of each region Be familiar with the basic organelles.
Figure 7.4 A prokaryotic cell. Cell Sizes Average Animal Cell – 15 microns Average Plant Cell – 40 microns Average Eukaryotic Cell : microns Average.
EUKARYOTIC* CELL STRUCTURE Interactive Cell.  We talked about Cell Theory and two types of cells.  What are the 3 key points of the Cell Theory?  Which.
The Cell. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote No Nucleus=Genetic Material not in nucleus. Smaller/Simpler than Eukaryotes Single Celled Organisms.
HB. 2B.1 Structure and Function of Organelles
Lecture 4 Cells Reading: Chapter 6.
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure: What are Cells Made of?
Ch 4 Openstax/6 Campbell:
Cell Types and Cell Structure
TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE
Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Cells AP Biology

The Miller-Urey Experiment

Origins of Life Panspermia is the hypothesis that "seeds" of life exist already all over the Universe, that life on Earth may have originated through these "seeds", and that they may deliver or have delivered life to other habitable bodies. The RNA world hypothesis proposes that a world filled with life based on ribonucleic acid (RNA) predates the current world of life based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA, which can both store information like DNA and act as an enzyme, may have supported cellular or pre-cellular life. Some hypotheses as to the origin of life present RNA-based catalysis and information storage as the first step in the evolution of cellular life.

All organisms share fundamental properties Cellular organization- all organisms consist of one or more cells- complex, organized assemblages of molecules enclosed within membranes Sensitivity- all organisms respond to stimuli-though not always to the same stimuli in the same ways Growth- All living things assimilate energy and use it to maintain order and grow, a process called metabolism. Development- Both unicellular and multicellular organisms organisms undergo systematic, gene-directed changes as they grow and mature. Reproduction- Organisms reproduce, passing on genes from one generation to the next. Regulation- All organisms have regulatory mechanisms that coordinate internal processes. Homeostasis- All living things maintain relatively constant internal conditions, different from their environment. Heredity- All organisms on Earth posses a genetic system that is based on the replication of a long, complex molecule called DNA. This mechanism allows for adaptation and evolution over time and is a distinguishing characteristic of living organisms.

Compartmentalization

Figure 6.4 Electron micrographs Transmission Electron MicroscopyScanning Electron Microscopy

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes –Bacteria and cyanobacteria –1-10  m –Few or no organelles –Circular DNA –No cytoskeleton or cytoplasmic streaming –Chromosomes segregate by attachments to plasma membrane –Mainly unicellular Eukaryotes –Protists, fungi, plants and animals –5-100  m –Organelles –Long linear DNA –Cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic streaming –Chromosomes segregate by cytoskeletal spindle apparatus –Often multicellular

The nucleus and its envelope Nuclei and actin

The Nucleus

Nuclear Pore Complex

The Smooth and Rough ER (sER and rER)

Origin of Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

The signal mechanism for targeting proteins to the ER All translation starts in the cytoplasmAll translation starts in the cytoplasm Signal sequence directs destinationSignal sequence directs destination

The Golgi Apparatus

Modification of Proteins by the Golgi Apparatus

Movement through the Golgi

Lysosomes

The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 1)

The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 2)

The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 3)

Review: relationships among organelles of the endomembrane system

Membrane orientation applies both to the lipid bilayer and transmembrane proteins Vesicle budding and fusion during vesicular transport

The plant cell vacuole

The mitochondrion, site of cellular respiration

The chloroplast, site of photosynthesis

Origin of Mitochondria

You are here You were here

Peroxisomes

The cytoskeleton

Cytoskeletal elements

The structure and function of the cytoskeleton

Motor proteins and the cytoskeleton

Centrosome containing a pair of centrioles Microtubules

Movement of Cells

A comparison of the beating of flagella and cilia Microtubules

Ultrastructure of a eukaryotic flagellum or cilium Microtubules

How dynein “walking” moves cilia and flagella

A structural role of microfilaments Actin

Microfilaments and motility

Actin

Plant cell walls Cell surfaces and junctions

Intercellular junctions in animal tissues Cell surfaces and junctions

Extracellular matrix (ECM) of an animal cell