India Early Movement and Independence Wait a minute….. Pre-Test: Summarize what you already know about India from US/World History I and popular media, etc.

Like Vietnam… For centuries, India had always been ruled by outsiders (Afghans, Moghuls, and British). -British: WWI-Indian soldiers fighting and dying with British soldiers By this time period after WWII, was England carrying on the “White Man’s Burden” or just trying to consolidate a profit?

Two examples: What do you see in this slide?

East India Company Ruled the world Silks, skins, tea, ivory, carpets, spices, feather, cotton Industrial Revolution intertwines the economies of India and Great Britain Why India? Support this argument as either true or false and use evidence to support it – India had many more supplies than places like Afghanistan, Arabia, M.E. etc.

“Everyone has value.” -Mr. Knisley

Mohandas Gandhi Ahimsa: nonviolence A Hindu, inspired movements for civil rights and freedom Called Mahatma=“Great One” Major pol. and spiritual leader during Indian Indy movement

Early advocate of civil rights On a South African train bus in 1893, as a lawyer, experienced racial/ethnic/color prejudice. In 1915, returned home to India and became politically active in Congress Have your ever had a life changing moment of discrimination or felt the justification to stand up for something you believe in?

Salt March 1930s Civil Disobedience in protest to British violence 78 members of his ashram (living community) cover miles a day People join in the 1000s and people made salt despite the British monopoly on salt People were arrested, but non- violence prevailed Gandhi gains support for Indy

Fasting 1932: Gandhi undertook a fast unto death on the issue of the voting rights of the “untouchables” What religious group of people fasted yesterday?

Quit India Movement The Quit India Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in Aug.1942 Gandhi called for immediate Indian independence. Feared Japanese aggression in WWII. 60,000 arrested-including Gandhi

Japan India

Indian National Congress Gandhi joined to work against caste differences, untouchability, poverty, and religious and ethnic boundaries Predominantly Hindu, but had members from every religion, ethnic group, economic class, and linguistic group

Gandhi and Nehru Both in INC Jawaharlal Nehru-secular, rational, upper-class, intellectual Gandhi-religious, native, traditional Diversity probably helped in independence movement

Muslim League The driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state Muslims represented 23% of the population

Nehru-first prime minister of India

WWII Ends Aug. 15, 1947-Independence for India from Britain! Pop.: 400 mil. Indians, 250m Hindus, 90m Muslims, 60m Untouchables

Pakistan Pakistan: P unjab, A fghania, K ashmir, I ndus- S indh, Baluchi stan Many Hindus living in lands move east Many Muslims living in India move west Border clashes during migration

TRAIN TO PAKISTAN; India Trains packed with refugees - Hindus and Sikhs headed for India, and Muslims headed for Pakistan - were convenient targets for gangs of killers on both sides of the border.

In Perspective… Indian Independence from Britain=peaceful? Nationalistic intentions: Pakistan (Muslim) India (Hindu) How has India changed today from the time period after WWII in terms of spiritual values?