Chau Yik Ting (Tina) Choi Yue Cheung (Felicity) Wong Sui Wai (Chris)

Theme – Public speaking Target – K1-3 students Scenario – in the class, learning Public Speaking Roles – Teacher and 2 Students Role Model: Tina Badly-behaved Student: Chris Teacher: Felicity

1. Raise your hands up in the air 2. Clap them together 1,2,3 3. Now rest them upon your hips 4. And slowly bend your knees  Speak with actions

Behavioral Theories of learning Classical Conditioning Instrumental Conditioning Reinforcement Social Learning Theories Modelling Observation Constructivism Assimilation Scaffolding Information Processing Model Memory Storage

Behavioral Theories of learning Classical Conditioning Humans are born with reflexes Some stimulus do not result in reflexes However, when these Neutral Stimulus and the Unconditioned Stimulus come together Later on, simply presenting the original Neutral Stimulus, the Unconditioned Response will be resulted

Behavioral Theories of learning Classical Conditioning During the performance Under the repeated practices in the class, students performed the poem with the criteria of teacher Example Unconditioned Stimulus = Forgetting the lines during practice Unconditioned Response = Anxiety Conditioned Stimulus = Performance on stage Conditioned Response = Anxiety

Behavioral Theories of learning Instrumental Conditioning The law of effect states that Responses to a situation that are followed by satisfaction are strengthened Responses that are followed by discomfort are weakened Reinforcement The process of increasing the frequency or duration of a behavior as the result of presenting a reinforcer

Behavioral Theories of learning Instrumental Conditioning Actions with poem> Reinforcement (Appreciation)  Example  Simon Says  Learning the actions of the song (Heads shoulders knees and toes)  Learn the poem  Combine the actions with the poem

Modelling and Observation Observation Principles People can learn by observing others’ behaviors and the consequences of that result Learning can occur without an immediate change in behavior Modelling Teaches new behavior Influences the frequency of previously learned behaviors Increases the frequency of similar behaviors

Social Learning Theories Modelling and Observation Teacher would be the model of Gordon and Patience Patience would be the model of Gordon Example Teach other body parts Teach actions in the songs Teach actions in the poem ABC of public speaking Simon Says

Constructivism Assimilation The process by which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and the way of thinking Students understood the different parts of their body Example Teach other body parts Teach actions of the poem Learn the actions of the song

Constructivism Scaffolding Model the correct performance of a task Eg. Teacher and Patience Divide a complex task into several smaller, simpler activities Divide the poem sentence by sentence Integrate the action by songs and other activities Example Sing heads shoulders knees and toes ABC of public speaking Teach other body parts Learn the actions of the song

Constructivism Scaffolding Provide a structure or set of guidelines ABC of public speaking Give frequent feedback about how learners are progressing Keep communicating with Gordon and Patience

Storage Prior Knowledge Verbalisation, Enactment, Repetition & Review Helps encoding new information More likely to engage Helps students to organise information Example Sing heads shoulders knees and toes ABC of public speaking

Memory Explicit Memory Recalling body parts Procedural Memory Learning the order of the poem and the actions