Unit 3 grammar

object complement 宾语补足语

定义：宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分, 对宾语的身 份、职位、用途等进行进一步解释说明。 位置：通常置于宾语之后。 * 复合宾语 = 宾语 + 宾补 句子的基本结构 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 * 注意：能带宾补结构的动词一定是及物动词。 宾语补足语

1.We consider our Chinese teacher a good friend. 2.We find our Chinese teacher patient. 3.We call our class teacher Mr. Tian. Examples:

一、名词词组和形容词常充当宾语补 足语 1. We made him our monitor. 2. They elected John chairman of the committee （委员会）. 3. You should keep your room clean. 4.We’d better leave the door open.

二、不定式 to do 和不带 to 的不定式 （动词原形）充当宾语补足语。 1.They believed this document to be the official version. 2.Professor Zhang’s speech made us laugh.

三、介词短语充当宾语补足语。 1.She said goodbye to us with tears in her eyes. 2.We could hear the children at play outside. 3. Why didn’t you invite them in?

注意： 宾语补足语在数上与宾语保持一致。 Examples: 1.She made Joe her companion in Rome. 2. She made Joe and Sue her companions in Rome.

1.Either …or… 要么 …… 要么 ……; 两者 择一，二选一 Example: --- Which language can I use to greet you? (in English/in Chinese) --- You can greet us either in English or in Chinese

2. Neither…nor… 既不 …… 也不 …… 反义 ： both…and… 两者都 Example: ---Do you speak French or Spanish? ---I speak neither French nor Spanish.

--- Which one can I take, Sir? --- I am afraid, you can take _________________________. neither the gun nor the cigar

--- Where can I stay on Saturday night, Sir? --- You can stay _____ in the classroom ___ in the dormitory. either or

第一类 : 感官动词, 所接的宾补可以是 v-ing 形式, 也可以是动词原形。 feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look at 1.I saw him ____________ (cross) the road. 2.We all listen to the girl ____________. *V-ing 表正在进行和主动 ; * 动词原形表完成，整个过程. 如： see sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事 see sb do sth 看到某人做某事（整个过程） cross/crossing singing/sing

3. A: I often hear this song _____ (sing), but I have never heard him ______ (sing) it. B: Listen! I can hear him _______ (sing) it now. sung sing singing

4. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. A. calling B. called C. being calledD. to call A

第二类 : 含使动意义的动词, 所接的宾补 多为动词原形, 分词或过去分词。有 get, let, have, make, leave 等。 * 注：动词原形表主动； 过去分词表过去和被动。 1. If Mr Smith is in the hall, will he please make himself ______ (know) to me? 2. It makes people _____ (know) the importance of protecting environment. known know

用所给动词的恰当形式填空 : repaired repair Have a try 1. I have had my bike______(repair), and I’m going to have my brother______(repair) my radio tomorrow. 2.Don’t leave the water _______ (run) while you brush your teeth. 3.He raised his voice to make himself _______ (hear). running heard

第三类 : find, keep 等几个词的用法灵活, 后 接的宾补可以是形容词、副词 、现在分词 、过去分词等。 1. We found it very difficult to solve the problem. 2. Keep the lights on. 3. How can you keep them waiting for so long? 4. Suddenly I found my wallet stolen.

1. They found an old woman _______ (lie) on the ground. 2. Please have these boxes _______ (carry) to the station right now. 3. He sat listening to her ________ (climb) the stairs. lying carried climbing practice

4. We are trying our best to attract visitors and keep them ______. A. Interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest A

practice

1.Tell him _____ the window. A.to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut There’s a hole in your bag I know, I’m going to have it _____. A.mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended 3. I found the door _____ when I got home. A.opened B. close C. unlocking D. open 4. I feel ____ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. A. that B. how C. it D. what 单项选择

5. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____. A.beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating 6. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth. A.pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out 7. He managed to make himself____with his____English. A.understand; breaking B. understand; broken C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken 8. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound ______. A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing

9. You can’t have the horse _____ all the way. It’s too hot. A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running 10. I think ___ necessary to learn English well. A. its B. it C. that D. that is C B

11. I heard that you were elected _____ this time. A. monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor A 充当宾补 的名词若表示正式的或独一无 二的头衔、职位时, 前面一般不用冠词。 eg. They elected John chairman of the committee.

12. When I came back, I found nobody ____. It was empty. A. on B. out C. in D. away 13. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ______. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard C D

14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see________ the next week. A.carry out B. carrying out C.carried outD. to carry out see sb. do/doing 看到某人做 / 正在做 see sth. done 看到。。。被。。。 C

15. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister. A.cry; to cry B. crying; crying B. C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry A 使役动词 h ave,make,leave 等在被动 的情况下后宾语要用带 to 的不定式

the end