The Tudor Dynasty Melissa Kreutz Colby Johnson Briani Perez Period 3

War of Roses ( ) House of York:  White rose  Richard III (villain) - killed Edward IV son and exiled Henry Tudor, from England House of Lancaster:  Red rose  Henry Tudor- English support, defeated Richard III on the Bosworth field (1485) and became Henry VII An English Civil war over the succession of the throne, after Richard’s forced abdication, between the House of York and House of Lancaster.

Henry VII (r ) Achievements:  Court of Star Chamber- created by sanction of Parliament, more just court system  Confiscated noble land fortunes, which decreased Parliament financial support Royal Marriage:  Edward IV daughter, Elizabeth of York lead to peaceful relations between the two houses over succession of throne Court of Star Chamber Henry VII

Tudor Rulers  Henry VII  Henry VIII  Wives:  Catherine of Aragon  Anne Boleyn  Jane Seymour  Edward VI  Mary I  Elizabeth I  James I (not Tudor; Mary, Queen of Scots, son)

Henry VII

Henry VIII Reign (r )  Statues of provisors and Praemunire started an emergence of payments and judicial appeals to Rome rejecting England’s papal affairs.  In sixteenth century, Lollardy, humanism and disapproval of the church influenced Protestant ideas in England.  1520’s- English reformers, William Tyndal, Sir Thomas Moore and Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, met in Cambridge discussed Lutheran writings  Pope Leo X declared Henry “Defender of Faith” because of his support of 7 sacraments against Luther

Henry’s Acts  1532 Submission of the Clergy- place the clergy under the authority of the law  1534 Act of Supremacy- monarch is head of the Anglican Church  1534 Act of Succession- Declares all of Henry VIII’s children legitimate  1539 Six Articles- As a devout Catholic Henry VIII limited Protestant beliefs and reaffirmed Catholic teachings

Catherine of Aragon

Catherine of Aragon (r. 1536)  Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain  In 1501, married Prince Arthur, Henry VIII’s brother and dies in 1502  Henry VII arranged a marriage between Catherine and Henry VIII to secure alliance with Spain  Marriage was prohibited by canon and biblical law, Pope Julius II exempted the law and approved the marriage.  By 1527, Mary, daughter of Catherine, was born The miscarriages and failure to produce a male heir lead Henry to request a papal annulment  Female heirs were unnatural rulers

Anne Boleyn  Henry VIII’s second wife  In, 1533 Elizabeth I was born  However, Anne lacked to produce a male heir due to the miscarriages  Henry accused her of incest and adultery  Sent to the tower of London where she was later beheaded. Boleyn in Tower of London

Jane Seymour  Henry’s third “true wife”  Died in 1537, after giving birth to his only male heir, Edward VI.  Buried

Edward VI (r )  Son of Jane Seymour  Took the throne at age 10  He strengthened Protestant values in the Anglican Church  End the Six Articles and allowed clerical marriage

Edward’s Acts of Uniformity  1549 Act of Uniformity- Book of Common Prayer (Cranmer) and removed idolatry  1552 Second Act of Uniformity- revise Book of Common Prayer  42 Articles (Cranmer)- moderate Protestant Doctrine based on justification by faith, supremacy of the Bible, and denying Transubstantiation

Mary I

Mary I (r )  Daughter of Catherine and Henry VIII  political marriage with Phillip II of Spain As a devout Catholic, she had conflict with Protestant leaders  Many exiled to Germany Switzerland and exposed to radical Protestant beliefs and later burned at stake (John Hooper, Thomas Cramer and Hugh Latimer) Under Reign:  Parliament repealed Protestant statues of Edward  Reverted to Catholic practices

Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I (r )  Last Tudor monarch and illegitimate daughter of Anne Boleyn  The “Virgin Queen”  She used the idea of possible marriage as a diplomatic advantage  Spanish Armada British defeat the Spanish Navy  Reform Mary’s Pro- Catholic policies and with a new Act of Supremacy reinstated the monarch as the head of the Anglican Church.  Politique  The Act of Uniformity of new Book of Common Prayer

 In 1563, Cranmer 39 Articles as a revision of the 42 Articles making moderate Protestantism the official religion of England. Under Reign:  Rejected Catholic and Protestant extremists  Catholics were majority and Jesuits plotted against he  Radical Catholics rebelled  Puritans held popular support, wanted semi autonomy and governed by Presbyterians  Extremists refused control by Presbyterians or clergy  Conventicle Act gave separatists the option to covert towards Anglican practices or exile or death.

Mary Queen of Scotts ( )  Great grand daughter of King Henry VII  Legitimate heir to throne  Possible symbol of a Catholic England  Elizabeth I loathed Mary  Uncovered a scandal which forced Mary to abdicate the throne to her son James I of England

James I of England

James I  Elizabeth’s successor  Strong believer in the divine rights of king  Under his rule, parliament met only when summoned  Developed impositions  Sources of income by levying new custom duties  Hampton Court Conference (1604)  Enhanced Anglican authority and rejected Protestant desires

The End Henry VIII’s wives