Why Be Ethical?????

Distinguishing between free speech and ethics

ETHICS DEFINED “Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. Ethical issues arise when we ask whether a course of action is moral or immoral, fair or unfair, just or unjust, honest or dishonest” (Jaska & Pritchard,1994).

Ethics Defined, cont’d Barry, (2006) stated that, “plagiarism is the new dirty word on campus, and college instructors are increasingly interested in teaching students how to prevent committing plagiarism,” (p. 377). Blum (2009) stated that, “students must be persuaded of the value of citations—which is far from self-evident—and instructed over time in how to do it, (p. 2).

ETHICS DEFINED, CONT’D You will always be faced with the question of ethics whenever you speak in front of an audience. A speaker has a lot of power. You as a speaker, must be cognizant of ethics as you prepare for each step of the speechmaking process. Yes, you do have free speech, but when you say or display questionable ethical words or images, are you willing to face the backlash or consequences?? (Lucus, 2013)

GUIDELINES FOR ETHICAL SPEAKING Make sure that you avoid contradicting messages. Always be PREPARED to speak! Public speakers should not lack veracity. *We will NOT engage in abusive and derogatory language!!!!!! There is no place for this in MY class. Get into the habit of practicing these habits. (Lucus, 2013)

 Plagiarism is not cool!   Plagiarism is taking someone else’s information and presenting it as though it is your own. In the classroom, you will earn a “0” and in some instances, it could lead to expulsion from school. (Lucus, 2013)

» Plagiarism is a problem at the professional level as well (Steinberg, 2003; Lewin, 2002). ˃For example, “Eugene Tobin, former President of Hamilton College resigned after plagiarizing a speech from an Amazon. com book review” (Thompson, 2006). ˃“Richard Judd, president of Central Connecticut State University retired after he was found to have plagiarized materials from the New York Times” (Thompson, 2006).

 Schroth, R.A. (2012) stated that, “evidence shows that academic dishonesty in its various forms is spreading like the flu” (p. 1).  “To some this is merely a copyright violation that "hurts" no one-no one except the deceiver, who degrades himself and the culture he typifies, where in business and politics the contradiction between the face and the public mask do not matter as long as the charade makes money for some and amuses others” (Schroth, 2012).

 Students likely cheat because there are too many competing forces in their personal lives and because of this reality, they are generally pressed for time.  So as a result, they become desperate remember, a desperate student may decide to do a desperate thing (Schroth, 2012).

Plagiarism, cont’d A study was conducted last year to determine if software such as “turnitin.com would deter students from cheating. They found that if students know that their work would be under close scrutiny, they are likely to be deterred by from plagiarism (Heckler, Rice and Bryan, 2013). “These findings suggest that, regardless of class standing, gender, and college major, recognition by the instructor of the nature and extent of the plagiarism problem and acceptance of responsibility for deterring it are pivotal in reducing the problem” (Heckler, Rice and Bryan, 2013).

THREE TYPES OF PLAGIARISM Global plagiarism is copying an entire document from one source and pasting it onto a word document or power point. Patchwork plagiarism occurs when you copy two or more sources and pasting it onto a word document or power point. Incremental plagiarism happens when you do not give credit to everyone included in the research. The same holds true for the “internet.” (Lucus, 2013)

I’m Trying To Scare You!! I’m just saying….

HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM Start Early! (Lucus, 2013). Use lots of sources instead of just one or two. (Lucus, 2013). Basically, do your own work!!!!!

 We remove everything from our desks before we start to speak.  Listeners should not prejudge the speaker.  Everyone has a right to their views. Love One Another (Lucus, 2007)

Sources Barry, E. (2006). Can paraphrasing practice help students define plagiarism? College Student Journal, 40(2), Blum, S. (2009). Academic integrity and student plagiarism: A question of education, not ethics. Chronicle of Higher Education, 55(24), Lewin, T. (2002, October 3). Hamilton College president resigns over speech. The New York Times, p. B10. Lucus, S. (2007). The art of public speaking. McGraw-Hill, New York. Thompson, C.C. (2006). Unintended lessons: plagiarism and the university. Teachers College Record, 108(12), Steinberg, J. (2003, October 29). S. Naval Academy demotes professor over work. The New York Times, p. A2 Schroth, R.A. (2012). The plagiarism plague. America,206 16, p.(1)

» Heckler, N.C., Rice, M., and Bryan, C.H. (2013). Turnitin systems: A deterrent to plagiarism in college classrooms. 45(3),