ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Print creation) This week we will cover the following items and topics in class: Discuss how electronic documentation is created and saved. Discuss the custom software programs for drafting and document creation. Explore the 5 major parts to a print, drawing, or document. Discuss the various print sizes. Discuss the definition of “scaling”, and its use explained. Discuss “Grid System” associated with a print or drawing. Explore what legends are, and what value they add. (Detail) Discuss single line drawings. (not just for the electrical application)

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics Begin with Safety PJB.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Road map analogy) Florida State Road Map.Electrical single line of substation.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Road map analogy) When an engineer is tasked with project development, he / she must first establish the goal or the “desired” finished project in the end. The road map analogy is used to get from one place to another place, or in the case of project development, he must know what he is working with, and what he needs to do to get the finished product. The engineer also needs to know intimately how that equipment works together to accomplish the end goal, and that takes a great deal of planning, cooperation, and team work to make a project a reality.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading (Drafting programs). There are several different computer programs for drafting and engineering on the market today. Some of the programs are as listed. 1. DCADD 15.0 by Autodesk 2. Solid Works 3. PLS (Power Line Systems CADD design software) 4. Siemens digital design software

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading (What is CAD).

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading (Engineering project process). Electric utility “System Planning” Department identifies a need for a project 1-5 years in advance. Project initiation process. (Enables accounting for actual project) Engineering Department researches project, and sets expectations and time table. Project development can take upwards of 1-3 years. Project proto-type is released for review. Project package and scope is finally released to field.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading (Engineering project process). Typically speaking on a large project, multiple engineering departments will work together to develop a complete engineering package consisting of the following “Plan Set Contents”. 1. Architectural sub-package 2. Structural sub-package 3. Mechanical sub-package 4. Plumbing sub-package 5. Electrical sub-package

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (5 major drawing parts or sections). A general engineering drawing can be divided up into 5 distinct parts or sections normally. 1. Title block 2. Grid system 3. Revision block (tracks revision level and date specifically) 4. legends and notes 5. The drawing body, or the actual print itself.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Drawing sizes) Prints and drawings come in alphabetical list of different sizes, and range in the following sizes: 1. “A” size = 8.5 X 11 inches 2. “B” size = 11 X 17 inches 3. “C” size = 17 X 22 inches 4. “D” size = 22 X 34 inches 5. “E” size = 34 X 44 inches 6. “F” size = 28 X 40 inches

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Title block) Title blocks on most all drawings or prints are the beginning point of a drawing or print information. Let’s discuss the title block and its various contents now. Title block contains Company name, Departmental name, equipment or circuit ID, revisions lists with dates, engineer’s initials, creation date, and scaling information.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (revision block) The revision block contains critical information relating to when the print was first designed / published, and then every revision process recorded then after. Why is the revision date so important to Safety and Human Performance? The electrician or relay technician should always be working from the latest “document” revision date, because working from an older revision print or schematic could prove dangerous for both the technician and the equipment. (Safety and Human Performance!) Many human performance events have been attributed to old or incorrect revision level print use! (Critical for current state of equipment!)

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Print scaling) Discuss Scaling with respect to prints, drawings, and documents. 1. Drawing scale is a relationship of the size or distance of the items reflected on the drawing with respect to the “real item” in question or the object. 2. For example a scale of ¼” = 1 foot means a measurement of ¼” inch on the drawing equals 1 foot literally. 3. For example a scale of 1/2” = 10 feet means a measurement of 1/2” inch on the drawing equals 10 feet literally. 4. Discuss the quote symbol equates to inches, and the apostrophe equates to feet.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Grid System) Let’s discuss the grid system on any given print. 1. Grid system use allows “user” to find items quickly on a very busy or highly populated and detailed print. 2. Normally the vertical graph represents the alphabetical grid reference point. 3. Normally the horizontal graph represents the numerical value grid reference point. 4. A drawing grid system allows a specific point on a drawing to be referenced to or established and found.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Standards templates) Most design engineers and technologist work from a standards book. The standards books have “Plates” or templates that typically will serve as an accepted design practice with regard to standardized schemes, designs, materials, and even pictures that can be drawn from with respect to relay and substation design work.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Drawing legends) Let’s discuss what the “drawing legend” offers and is used for. 1. Civil legends and the various symbols used. 2. Mechanical legends and the various symbols used. 3. Structural legends and the various symbols used. 4. Material legends and the various symbols used. 5. Electrical legends and the various symbols and numbers used. 6. Legends identify specific facts and information about certain prints and equipment. Legends are equivalent to a “Key” that un-locks information on most documents, prints, and drawings.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Single line drawings) 1. The single line format represents all electrical lines, plumbing lines, pneumatic air lines, hydraulic lines and piping, regardless of size as a single line. 2. System equipment is connected to the lines and are represented by simple standard symbols. 3. By simplifying connections and equipment as single lines allows the system’s equipment and instrumentation relationships to be clearly understood by the reader. 4. These types of drawings are also sometimes referred to as schematics.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Mechanical drawings) Mechanical drawings are the plans for objects such as motors, assemblies for equipment, etc… There are many types of drawings associated with mechanical drawings such as the following: 1. Detail view 2. Exploded view 3. Assembly view

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Electrical drawing details) Electrical drawings are either single line, three line type drawings or schematics that use symbols for various electrical equipment. They are sometimes drawn in a style referred to as “Ladder Diagram” when relating to an electrical schematic. There are also electrical wiring prints or diagrams that are referred to as “point to point” wiring prints. These drawings reflect the actual physical wiring from 1 known point to another known 2nd point.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Electrical “Ladder” drawings). Ladder schematics or ladder diagrams are drawn with the circuit “components” between two vertical lines which serve as the electrical source or electrical buss that supplies the circuit with electrical power, thus each vertical line creates a “RAIL” to the ladder, and the electrical components between the rails form what is known as the “RUNGs” of the ladder circuit. Typically vertical rails are the source voltage points. Typically horizontal rungs display the electrical components of a specific electrical circuit. (Coils, contacts, switches, motors, etc.)

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Electrical “Ladder” drawings).

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Electrical “single line” drawings).

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Wiring prints) Electrical wiring diagrams draw or “show” the individual wires from each electrical device or component exactly as it would be wired, thus the term “Point to Point” drawing. Example could be the following: 15X-1 to device “A” on panel 15, stud 1. 15X-2 to device “A” on panel 15, stud 2. 15X-3 to device “A” on panel 15, stud 3. 15X-4 to device “A” on panel 15, stud 4.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Wiring connections)

Jones blocks (Multipole blocks)States Company “Sliding links”

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (sliding links example) Sliding link in open positionSliding link in closed position

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Wiring identification). Wiring and wire identification practices. (Wire ID markers and wire color codes) 1. Black-Line, load, and control circuits at line voltage 2. Red- AC control circuits 3. Blue- DC control circuits 4. Yellow- Interlock control circuits 5. Green- Equipment grounding 6. White- Grounded circuit conductors 7. Conductors are identified at each termination “end” by marking with a number ID label to correspond with the diagram, identifying each wire.

ETP 1138C Week #3 Advanced print reading basics (Hands on Exercise)

ETP 1138C Week #3 Close with safety PJB Lets discuss Human performance while working with prints and schematics. Why is the revision date so important to Safety and Human Performance? What should you do when out on the job and you notice that you have an older version of a print that just isn’t current and up todate?